Data Release
Underwater temperature on off-shore coral reefs of the Florida Keys, U.S.A.
By Ilsa B. Kuffner
USGS, St. Petersburg, Florida
Summary
The USGS Coral Reef Ecosystems Studies project provides science that helps resource managers tasked with the stewardship of coral reef resources. Coral reef organisms are very sensitive to high and low water-temperature extremes. It is critical to precisely know water temperatures experienced by corals and associated plants and animals that live in the dynamic, nearshore environment to document thresholds in temperature tolerance. Here we provide underwater temperature data recorded every fifteen minutes since 2009 at seven off-shore coral reefs in the Florida Keys. From southwest to northeast, these sites are Garden Key (Dry Tortugas National Park), Pulaski Shoal West (Dry Tortugas National Park), Pulaski Shoal Light (Dry Tortugas National Park), Sombrero Reef (Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, FKNMS), Crocker Reef (FKNMS), Molasses Reef (FKNMS), and Fowey Rocks (Biscayne National Park). Measurements were made at Sombrero Reef from July 2009 to August 2022, at Crocker Reef from June 2013 to August 2022, and at Molasses Reef from April 2009 to April 2013. Data collection continues at three sites in the Dry Tortugas National Park (Pulaski West, initiated December 2016, Garden Key, initiated May 2022, and Pulaski Light, initiated June 2009) and one site in Biscayne National Park (Fowey Rocks, initiated August 2009). Temperatures were recorded with Onset® HOBO® Water Temp Pro V2 (U22-001) data loggers in duplicate at each site. Loggers were attached to concrete blocks fixed to the reef with stainless-steel rods and epoxy at depths of 7 to 16 feet of seawater. Portions of the dataset included here were interpreted in conjunction with coral and/or algal calcification rates in publications including Kuffner and others (2020), and Lenz and others (2021). See the cross-reference section of the metadata for a complete list of publications.
Kuffner, I.B., Stathakopoulos, A., Toth, L.T., and Bartlett, L.A., 2020, Reestablishing a stepping-stone population of the threatened elkhorn coral Acropora palmata to aid regional recovery: Endangered Species Research, v. 43, p. 461-473, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01083.
Lenz, E.A., Bartlett, L.A., Stathakopoulos, A., and Kuffner, I.B., 2021, Physiological differences in bleaching response of the coral Porites astreoides along the Florida Keys reef tract during high-temperature stress: Frontiers in Marine Science, v. 8, art. 615795, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.615795.
Note: This data release was versioned on February 3, 2023. Please see the Suggested Citation section for details.
Data
*Note: To view this dataset in tab-delimited format, arranged by column, please use the Excel spreadsheet included in the download file.
| File Name and Description | Metadata (XML format) |
Metadata (text format) |
Download File |
|---|---|---|---|
| FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Nov2015.zip
Underwater temperature data recorded every fifteen minutes from 2009 to 2015 at five off-shore coral reefs in the Florida Keys (.csv, .xlsx) |
FL_coral_underwater_ temps_metadata.xml |
FL_coral_underwater_ temps_metadata.txt |
FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Nov2015.zip (13.2 MB) |
| FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Dec2016.zip Underwater temperature data recorded every fifteen minutes from 2009 to 2016 at five off-shore coral reefs in the Florida Keys (.csv, .xlsx) |
FL_coral_underwater_ temps_metadata_v2.xml |
FL_coral_underwater_ temps_metadata_v2.txt |
FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Dec2016.zip (16.7 MB) |
| FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Nov2017.zip Underwater temperature data recorded every fifteen minutes from 2009 to 2017 at five off-shore coral reefs in the Florida Keys (.csv, .xlsx) |
FL_coral_underwater_ temps_metadata_v3.xml |
FL_coral_underwater_ temps_metadata_v3.txt |
FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Nov2017.zip (17.8 MB) |
| FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Oct2018.zip Underwater temperature data recorded every fifteen minutes from 2009 to 2018 at five off-shore coral reefs in the Florida Keys (.csv, .xlsx) |
FL_coral_underwater_ temps_metadata_v4.xml |
FL_coral_underwater_ temps_metadata_v4.txt |
FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Oct2018.zip (20.1 MB) |
| FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Nov2019.zip Underwater temperature data recorded every fifteen minutes from 2009 to 2019 at six off-shore coral reefs in the Florida Keys. |
FL_coral_underwater_ temps_metadata_v5.xml |
FL_coral_underwater_ temps_metadata_v5.txt |
FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Nov2019.zip (22.5 MB) |
| FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Nov2020.zip Underwater temperature data recorded every fifteen minutes from 2009 to 2020 at six off-shore coral reefs in the Florida Keys. |
FL_coral_underwater_ temps_metadata_v6.xml |
FL_coral_underwater_ temps_metadata_v6.txt |
FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Nov2020.zip (24.3 MB) |
| FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Nov2021.zip Underwater temperature data recorded every fifteen minutes from 2009 to 2021 at six off-shore coral reefs in the Florida Keys. |
FL_coral_underwater_ temps_metadata_v7.xml |
FL_coral_underwater_ temps_metadata_v7.txt |
FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Nov2021.zip (26 MB) |
| FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Oct2022.zip Underwater temperature data recorded every fifteen minutes from 2009 to 2022 at seven off-shore coral reefs in the Florida Keys |
FL_coral_underwater_ temps_metadata_v8.xml |
FL_coral_underwater_ temps_metadata_v8.txt |
FL_coral_underwater_temps_to_Oct2022.zip (28.9 MB) |
Figure 1. Location map showing sites where underwater temperatures are recorded every 15 minutes on the Florida Keys outer reef tract. Sites are Garden Key (24.62074°N 82.8674°W), Pulaski West (24.70280°N, 82.79883°W), Pulaski Shoal Light (24.69355°N, 82.77280°W), Sombrero Reef (24.62687°N, 81.10893°W), Crocker Reef (24.90908°N, 80.52665°W), Molasses Reef (25.01047°N, 80.37530°W), and Fowey Rocks (25.59047°N, 80.09560°W).
Suggested Citation
Kuffner, I.B., 2016, Underwater temperature on off-shore coral reefs of the Florida Keys, U.S.A. (ver. 8.0, February 2023): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F71C1TZK.
First posted January 21, 2016
Revised February 01, 2017, ver. 2.0
Revised March 14, 2018, ver. 3.0
Revised March 13, 2019, ver. 4.0
Revised April 20, 2020, ver. 5.0
Revised February 09, 2021, ver. 6.0
Revised March 09, 2022, ver. 7.0
Revised February 03, 2023, ver. 8.0