Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Noreen A. Buster Originator: Owen T. Brenner Originator: James G. Flocks Publication_Date: 20171121 Title: Historical bathymetry soundings between 1916 and 1920 around the Mississippi and Alabama barrier islands Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F7028QFV Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7028QFV Description: Abstract: In order to characterize coastal change, historical maps and complementary records were compiled including: topographic sheets (T-sheets), hydrographic sheets (H-sheets, smooth sheets), shorelines, and bathymetric soundings surrounding the Mississippi and Alabama (MSAL) barrier islands. One goal of this work was to create a time-series of bathymetric change maps around the islands between 1916 and 2016. Purpose: To create a complete early 1900's sounding dataset for bathymetric change maps around the MSAL barrier islands. Supplemental_Information: The National Ocean Service (NOS)/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) graphic survey data (H-sheets) and previously digitized soundings (H04000, H04021, and H04171) were downloaded from the NOAA National Geophysical Data Center website (https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/hydro.html, 2009). All H-sheets were georectified in Esri ArcGIS. Soundings on H-sheets H04000, H04021, and H04171 were rubbersheeted to match the locations on the georectified maps and soundings on H-sheets H03960, H04020, and H04023 were manually digitized with associated depths. NOAA's Vdatum version 3.6 was used to convert the 1916-1920 XYZ soundings to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) horizontal datum and North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) GEOID12B vertical datum and all 1916 to 1920 elevation (z) values were adjusted to account for sea-level rise, using the NOAA tide gauge at Pensacola, FL. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19160101 Ending_Date: 19200101 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -89.30059732 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -87.99938295 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.402864609 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.104746376 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme_Keyword: location Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme_Keyword: geophysics Theme_Keyword: bathymetry Theme_Keyword: ocean characteristics Theme_Keyword: ocean processes Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: hydrography Theme_Keyword: soundings Theme_Keyword: H-sheets Theme_Keyword: smooth sheets Theme_Keyword: T-sheets Theme_Keyword: topographic sheets Theme_Keyword: seafloor mapping Theme_Keyword: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Theme_Keyword: NOAA Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Theme_Keyword: SPCMSC Theme_Keyword: coastal location Theme_Keyword: historical Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: Mississippi Place_Keyword: Alabama Place_Keyword: Cat Island Place_Keyword: Ship Island Place_Keyword: Horn Island Place_Keyword: Petit Bois Island Place_Keyword: Dauphin Island Place_Keyword: Mississippi Sound Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: Oregon Geospatial Enterprise Office (GEO) Stratum Keyword Stratum_Keyword: sea surface Stratum_Keyword: epipelagic Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Temporal_Keyword: 1916 to 1920 Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Noreen A. Buster Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nbuster@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.4.1 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The XYZ sounding data are based on historical maps (1916-1920), the accuracy of the data was determined during data collection. The historical data have not been independently verified for accuracy. Logical_Consistency_Report: This file represents the digitized soundings from a historical smooth sheet (H-sheet), based on historical records and maps from NOAA. All transformations (either from Clark 1866 or NAD27) were provided by NOAA and were consistently applied throughout. Completeness_Report: The source data is historical and therefore not complete in its coverage. The source data was used to create a map that best represents the historical soundings using best practice methods to keep the data as accurate as possible. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Mainland shoreline accuracy based on: Byrnes, M.R., R.A. McBride, and M.W. Hiland, 1991. Accuracy Standards and Development of a National Shoreline Change Database. In: Coastal Sediments '91. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY, pp. 1027-1042. Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 20 Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: less than 20-meter root mean square (rms) error for 1:40,000 T-sheet maps. Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 29 Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: less than 29-meter rms error (average 18 meter rms) for 1:40,000 H-sheets (smooth sheets) maps. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Please see Horizontal Position Accuracy Report above. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Publication_Date: 1917 Title: NOAA smooth sheet H03960 Source_Scale_Denominator: 40000 Type_of_Source_Media: Map Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1916 Ending_Date: 1917 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: H-sheet Source_Contribution: Smooth sheet (H-sheet) soundings from NOAA Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Publication_Date: 1917 Title: NOAA smooth sheet H04000 Source_Scale_Denominator: 40000 Type_of_Source_Media: Map Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1917 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: H-sheet Source_Contribution: Smooth sheet (H-sheet) soundings from NOAA Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Publication_Date: 1918 Title: NOAA smooth sheet H04021 Source_Scale_Denominator: 40000 Type_of_Source_Media: Map Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1917 Ending_Date: 1918 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: H-sheet Source_Contribution: Smooth sheet (H-sheet) soundings from NOAA Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Publication_Date: 1917 Title: NOAA smooth sheet H04020 Source_Scale_Denominator: 40000 Type_of_Source_Media: Map Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1916 Ending_Date: 1917 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: H-sheet Source_Contribution: Smooth sheet (H-sheet) soundings from NOAA Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Publication_Date: 1920 Title: NOAA smooth sheet H04171 Source_Scale_Denominator: 40000 Type_of_Source_Media: Map Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1920 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: H-sheet Source_Contribution: Smooth sheet (H-sheet) soundings from NOAA Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Publication_Date: 1918 Title: NOAA smooth sheet H04023 Source_Scale_Denominator: 40000 Type_of_Source_Media: Map Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1917 Ending_Date: 1918 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: H-sheet Source_Contribution: Smooth sheet (H-sheet) soundings from NOAA Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Publication_Date: 1922 Title: NOAA T-3917 Source_Scale_Denominator: 20000 Type_of_Source_Media: Map Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1922 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: T-sheet Source_Contribution: Topographic sheet (T-sheet) from NOAA used for rectifying H-sheets and digitizing shoreline Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Publication_Date: 1917 Title: NOAA T-3701 Source_Scale_Denominator: 40000 Type_of_Source_Media: Map Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1916 Ending_Date: 1917 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: T-sheet Source_Contribution: Topographic sheet (T-sheet) from NOAA used for rectifying H-sheets and digitizing shoreline Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Publication_Date: 1917 Title: NOAA T-3703 Source_Scale_Denominator: 40000 Type_of_Source_Media: Map Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1917 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: T-sheet Source_Contribution: Topographic sheet (T-sheet) from NOAA used for rectifying H-sheets and digitizing shoreline Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Publication_Date: 1917 Title: NOAA T-3702 Source_Scale_Denominator: 40000 Type_of_Source_Media: Map Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1917 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: T-sheet Source_Contribution: Topographic sheet (T-sheet) from NOAA used for rectifying H-sheets and digitizing shoreline Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Publication_Date: 1917 Title: NOAA T-3711 Source_Scale_Denominator: 40000 Type_of_Source_Media: Map Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1917 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: T-sheet Source_Contribution: Topographic sheet (T-sheet) from NOAA used for rectifying H-sheets and digitizing shoreline Process_Step: Process_Description: In order to obtain XYZ sounding data from historical maps, T-sheets and H-sheets were georectified using ArcMap 9.3 georeferencing tool. All five T-sheets were rectified using transformations North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27) supplied by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (Buster and Morton, 2011). Six H-sheets, which display soundings from the 1916-1920 time period, were georectified to the georeferenced T-sheets (Buster and Morton, 2011). Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: H-sheets/T-sheets Process_Date: 2010 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: georeferenced H-sheets Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Noreen A. Buster Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nbuster@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: After georectifying the H-sheets, the soundings previously digitized by the NOAA contractors did not exactly lie on center of handwritten soundings on H-sheets (H04000, H04021, and H04171). These three sets of soundings were rubbersheeted within ArcMap (with greater than 25 control points) to their respective locations on the rectified H-sheets. Soundings on H-sheets H03960, H04020, and H04023 had not been digitized by NOAA and therefore all the soundings on these three H-sheets were digitized for this project. Both NOAA digitized soundings and soundings digitized for this project were initially entered in feet and then converted to meters. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: H-sheets/T-sheets Process_Date: 2010 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: georeferenced soundings Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Noreen A. Buster Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nbuster@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The soundings depths were originally in the mean low water (MLW) datum. To adjust each value to reflect mean sea level trends, the NOAA tide gage at Pensacola was used as it is at a geologically stable open-ocean location and has a long historical record of tides and sea level trend values. The relative rise in sea level at Pensacola, FL (mean sea level trend) as checked in July 2017 was 2.31 millimeters (mm)/year (yr). To account for the historical rise in sea level, linear regression was applied to the tide-gage data from Pensacola to obtain water-level corrections for the bathymetric-survey period, using 1992 as the midpoint of the most recent 19-year tidal epoch. For each survey period, there is a range of years during which the bathymetric surveys were conducted (1916-1920). The water-level correction, which was averaged for the years included for the survey period was calculated at 0.171 mm/yr and was applied to each sounding value (column header includes the abbreviation for sea level (SL). Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: H-sheets/T-sheets Process_Date: 2010 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: georeferenced soundings Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Noreen A. Buster Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nbuster@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: After the water-level adjustment was applied, the soundings were run through NOAA's datum transformation software Vdatum version 3.6. The data were transformed from a horizontal datum of NAD27 and vertical datum of mean low water (MLW) and derived products are relative to the UTM NAD83 horizontal datum and NAVD88 GEOID12B vertical datum. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: H-sheets/T-sheets Process_Date: 2017 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: georeferenced soundings Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Noreen A. Buster Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nbuster@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: 0800-1600 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: point Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: point Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 53296 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 16 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -87.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.6096 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.6096 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum 1988 Altitude_Resolution: 0.0001 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Attribute values Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: 1916_1920_MS_NAD83NAVD88g12B_XYZ.txt Entity_Type_Definition: T-delimited text file containing the x,y,z soundings transformed to the NAD83 UTM zone 16N geodetic datum and NAVD88 orthometric height, derived using the GEOID12B model. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Polyline Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shape of feature. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute: Attribute_Label: X_NAD83 Attribute_Definition: NAD83 UTM zone 16N X-coordinate (easting) of sample point, in meters Attribute_Definition_Source: NOAA USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 278948.238800 Range_Domain_Maximum: 403726.515800 Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Y_NAD83 Attribute_Definition: NAD83 UTM zone 16N Y-coordinate (northing) of sample point, in meters Attribute_Definition_Source: NOAA USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 3332612.592000 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3363853.544000 Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0 Attribute: Attribute_Label: NAVD88g12B Attribute_Definition: NAVD88 (orthometric height) of sample point, in meters with respect to GEOID12B. Point locations with no available data have been assigned elevations values of -999999. Attribute_Definition_Source: NOAA USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -22.499 Range_Domain_Maximum: -0.231 Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0E-2 Attribute: Attribute_Label: newMLWm_SL Attribute_Definition: Mean low water value (meters) that was adjusted by 0.171 m for relative rise of sea level (depths are positive). Attribute_Definition_Source: NOAA USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.17 Range_Domain_Maximum: 22.42 Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0E-2 Attribute: Attribute_Label: MLWm Attribute_Definition: Original mean low water value (meters and depths are positive). Attribute_Definition_Source: NOAA USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 22.25 Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0E-2 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Hsheet Attribute_Definition: Hydrographic sheet number Attribute_Definition_Source: NOAA Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: H03960 Range_Domain_Maximum: H04171 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Noreen A. Buster Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nbuster@usgs.gov Resource_Description: 1916_1920_MS_NAD83NAVD88g12B_XYZ.txt Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 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Buster Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727) 502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nbuster@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Security_Information: Metadata_Security_Classification_System: none Metadata_Security_Classification: unclassified Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None