Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Xan Fredericks Originator: Christine J. Kranenburg Originator: David B. Nagle Publication_Date: 2015 Title: EAARL-B Submerged Topography–Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, 2014 Edition: first Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F73T9F86 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F73T9F86 Description: Abstract: A submerged topography Digital Elevation Model (DEM) mosaic for a portion of the submerged environs of Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, was produced from remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements collected on March 11, 19, and 21, 2014 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Conservation Program. Elevation measurements were collected over the area using the second-generation Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL-B), a pulsed laser ranging system mounted onboard an aircraft to measure ground elevation, vegetation canopy, and coastal topography. The system uses high-frequency laser beams directed at the Earth's surface through an opening in the bottom of the aircraft's fuselage. The laser system records the time difference between emission of the laser beam and the reception of the reflected laser signal in the aircraft. The plane travels over the target area at approximately 55 meters per second at an elevation of approximately 300 meters, resulting in a laser swath of approximately 240 meters with an average point spacing of 0.5?1.6 meters. The nominal vertical elevation accuracy expressed as the root mean square error (RMSE) is 13.5 centimeters. A peak sampling rate of 15?30 kilohertz results in an extremely dense spatial elevation dataset. More than 100 kilometers of coastline can be surveyed easily within a 3- to 4-hour mission. When resultant elevation maps for an area are analyzed, they provide a useful tool to make management decisions regarding land development. Purpose: The purpose of this project was to produce a highly detailed and accurate digital elevation map for a portion of the submerged environs of Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, for use as a management tool and to make these data available to natural-resource managers and research scientists. To ensure that SPCMSC data management protocols were followed, this survey was retroactively assigned a USGS field activity number (FAN), 14CNT03. Additional survey and data details are available at http://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=14CNT03. Supplemental_Information: Raw lidar data are not in a format that is generally usable by natural-resource managers and research scientists for scientific analysis. Converting dense lidar elevation data into a readily usable format without loss of essential information requires specialized processing. The U.S. Geological Survey's Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP) has developed custom software to convert raw lidar data into a GIS-compatible map product to be provided to GIS specialists, managers, and scientists. The primary tool used in the conversion process is Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a multitiered processing system developed originally by a USGS-NASA collaborative project. Specialized processing algorithms are used to convert raw waveform lidar data acquired by the EAARL-B to georeferenced spot (x,y,z) returns for "first surface" and "bare earth" topography. The terms first surface and bare earth refer to the digital elevation data of the terrain, although first-surface data include vegetation, buildings, and other manmade structures, bare-earth data do not. The zero crossing of the second derivative (that is, detection of stationary points) is used to detect the first return, resulting in "first surface" topography, whereas the trailing edge algorithm (that is, the algorithm searches for the location before the last return where direction changes along the trailing edge) is used to detect the range to the last return, or "bare earth" (the first and last returns being the first and last significant measurable part of the return pulse). Statistical filtering, known as the Random Consensus Filter (RCF), is used to remove false bottom returns and other outliers from the EAARL-B topography data. The filter uses a grid of non-overlapping square cells (buffer) of user-defined size overlaid onto the original point cloud. The user also defines the vertical tolerance (vertical width) based on the topographic complexity and point-sampling density of the data. The maximum allowable elevation range within a cell is established by this vertical tolerance. An iterative process searches for the maximum concentration of points within the vertical tolerance and removes those points outside of the tolerance (Nayegandhi and others, 2009). These data are then converted to the North American Datum of 1983 and the Virgin Islands Vertical Datum of 2009 (using GEOID12B); please note that these data are not suitable for determining absolute elevation measurements. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20140311 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20140319 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20140321 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -64.66089991 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -64.41490881 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 17.84855785 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 17.75629702 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: lidar Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Theme_Keyword: topography Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Airborne Lidar Processing System Theme_Keyword: ALPS Theme_Keyword: Cessna 310 Theme_Keyword: Digital Elevation Model Theme_Keyword: DEM Theme_Keyword: EAARL-B Theme_Keyword: Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar Theme_Keyword: laser altimetry Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Science Directory Theme_Keyword: OCEAN > BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY > SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY Theme_Keyword: OCEAN > COASTAL PROCESSES > COASTAL ELEVATION Theme_Keyword: DOI/USGS/CMG > COASTAL AND MARINE GEOLOGY, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD Instrument Theme_Keyword: LIDAR > LIGHT DETECTION AND RANGING Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Categories for Marine Planning Theme_Keyword: distributions Theme_Keyword: bathymetry and elevation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) Keywords Theme_Keyword: altimetry Theme_Keyword: topographic mapping Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System Place_Keyword: Saint Croix Place_Keyword: U.S. Virgin Islands Place_Keyword: Caribbean Sea Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Stratum_Keyword: Submerged Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Temporal_Keyword: 2014 Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Xan Fredericks Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation Technology Solutions, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL Contact_Position: Lidar Validation and Processing Analyst Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 502-8086 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: afredericks@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-4:00 ET Data_Set_Credit: Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices for data source is expected. Sharing of new data layers developed directly from these data would also be appreciated by the U.S. Geological Survey staff. Users should be aware that comparisons with other datasets for the same area from other periods may be inaccurate because of inconsistencies resulting from changes in photointerpretation, mapping conventions, and digital processes over time. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such. Security_Information: Security_Classification_System: Unclassified Security_Classification: Unclassified Security_Handling_Description: None Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 7 Enterprise Service Pack 1; Esri ArcCatalog 10.1.1.3143 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Nayegandhi, A., Brock, J.C., and Wright, C.W. Publication_Date: 2009 Title: Small footprint, waveform-resolving lidar estimation of submerged and subcanopy topography in coastal environments Series_Information: Series_Name: International Journal of Remote Sensing Issue_Identification: v. 30 no. 4, p. 861-878 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1080/01431160802395227 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Wright, C.W., Kranenburg, C.J., Troche, R.J., Mitchell, R.W., and, Nagle, D.B., Publication_Date: 2016 Title: Depth calibration of the experimental advanced airborne research lidar, EAARL-B Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2016–1048 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161048 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Wright, C.W., Kranenburg, C., Battista, T.A., and Parrish, C. Publication_Date: 2016 Title: Depth calibration and validation of the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar, EAARL-B Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Coastal Research Issue_Identification: Special Issue, No. 76, pp. 4–17 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2112/SI76-002 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The expected accuracy of the measured variables is as follows: attitude within 0.05 degree and 3 centimeters nominal ranging accuracy. Quality checks are built into the data-processing software. Logical_Consistency_Report: These data are located in UTM Zone 20. Completeness_Report: Missing areas are represented by a "no data" value of -32,767 and are a result of the survey not covering a particular region, optical water depth of greater than 3 Secchi disc depths, or the manual removal of lidar processing artifacts. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Raw lidar measurements have been determined to be within 1 meter in horizontal accuracy. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The nominal vertical elevation accuracy expressed as the root mean square error (RMSE) for the point elevation data is 13.5 centimeters. Typical vertical elevation accuracies for these data are consistent with the point elevation data. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: The data were collected using a Cessna 310 aircraft. The EAARL-B laser scanner collects the data using a green-wavelength (532-nanometer) raster scanning laser, while a digital camera acquires a visual record of the flight. The data are stored on hard drives and archived at the U.S. Geological Survey office in St. Petersburg, Florida. The navigational data are processed and then, along with the raw data, are downloaded into ALPS, or the Airborne Lidar Processing System (20140311?20141121). Data are converted from units of time to x,y,z points for elevation, which are then manually edited and quality checked to ensure anomalies and noise have been addressed to specification. The derived surface data are then converted into raster data (GeoTIFF). Process_Date: 20141121 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Xan Fredericks Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation Technology Solutions, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL Contact_Position: Lidar Validation and Processing Analyst Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 502-8086 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: afredericks@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-4:00 ET Process_Step: Process_Description: The data were depth calibrated in ALPS (20150106) using a linear model with a slope of 0.98103 and an intercept of -0.000681. Process_Date: 20150106 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Christine Kranenburg Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation Technology Solutions, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL Contact_Position: Programmer/Analyst Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 502-8129 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ckranenburg@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: M-F, 7:30-3:30 ET Process_Step: Process_Description: Metadata imported into ArcCatalog 10.1.1.3143 from XML file. Process_Date: 20150903 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Xan Fredericks Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation Technology Solutions, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL Contact_Position: Lidar Validation and Processing Analyst Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 502-8086 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: afredericks@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-4:00 ET Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Tiling Index Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 20 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -63.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 2.500000 Ordinate_Resolution: 2.500000 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.25722210100002 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: Virgin Islands Vertical Datum of 2009 (GEOID12B) Altitude_Resolution: 0.20 Altitude_Distance_Units: meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The input parameters for the random consensus filter (RCF) were: grid cell size (buffer) = 1000 centimeters x 1000 centimeters; vertical tolerance (vertical width) = 200 centimeters. Each pixel of the encoded GeoTIFF has an explicit elevation value associated with it. The GeoTIFFs are created using Delaunay triangulation, followed by linear interpolation based on the routines in the Exelis Visual Information Solutions Interactive Data Language (IDL) code. The GeoTIFF grid, which is provided at a 2.5-meter horizontal resolution, is encoded with the interpolated elevation value. The GeoTIFFs were mosaicked using ERDAS Imagine 2014 Mosaic Pro. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1078/ Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Xan Fredericks Contact_Position: Lidar Validation and Processing Analyst, Cherokee Nation Technology Solutions Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 502-8086 Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-4:00 ET Resource_Description: STCR2014_EAARLB_v09g12B_mosaic.tif Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF Format_Version_Number: 2 Format_Specification: GeoTIFF Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F73T9F86/data/STCR2014_EAARLB_v09g12B_mosaic.zip Fees: None Ordering_Instructions: Contact U.S. Geological Survey. Turnaround: Vary Custom_Order_Process: Contact U.S. Geological Survey for details. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20200213 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Xan Fredericks Contact_Organization: Cherokee Nation Technology Solutions, U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL Contact_Position: Lidar Validation and Processing Analyst Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 502-8086 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: afredericks@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-4:00 ET Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time