Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: James R. Guest Originator: Peter J. Edmunds Originator: Ruth D. Gates Originator: Ilsa B. Kuffner Originator: Eric K. Brown Originator: Ku'ulei S. Rodgers Originator: Paul L. Jokiel Originator: Robert R. Ruzicka Originator: Michael A. Colella Originator: Jeff Miller Originator: Andrea Atkinson Originator: Michael W. Feeley Originator: Caroline S. Rogers Publication_Date: 20180430 Title: Time-series coral-cover data from Hawaii, Florida, Mo'orea, and the Virgin Islands Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F78W3C7W Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F78W3C7W Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: James R. Guest Originator: Peter J. Edmunds Originator: Ruth D. Gates Originator: Ilsa B. Kuffner Originator: Andreas J. Andersson Originator: Brian B. Barnes Originator: Iliana Chollett Originator: Robin Elahi Originator: Travis A. Courtney Originator: Kevin Gross Originator: Elizabeth A. Lenz Originator: Satoshi Mitarai Originator: Peter J. Mumby Originator: Hannah R. Nelson Originator: Britt A. Parker Originator: Hollie M. Putnam Originator: Lauren T. Toth Publication_Date: 20180618 Title: A framework for identifying and characterising coral-reef "oases" against a backdrop of degradation Publication_Information: Publication_Place: United Kingdom Publisher: Journal of Applied Ecology Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13179 Description: Abstract: Coral reefs around the world have degraded over the last half-century as evidenced by loss of live coral cover. This ubiquitous observation led to the establishment of long-term, ecological monitoring programs in several regions with sizable coral-reef resources. As part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis working group "Local-scale ecosystem resilience amid global-scale ocean change: the coral reef example," scientists gathered resultant data from four of these programs in the main Hawaiian Islands, the Florida Keys, Mo’orea in French Polynesia, and St. John in the U.S. Virgin Islands to examine among-site, within-region spatial and temporal variation in coral cover. Data from the four focal regions represent spatial scales ranging from ~80 to 17,000 km2. The surveys chosen for the analysis were carried out at fixed sites between 1992 and 2015. Survey durations differed among focal regions and extended from 11 years at Mo’orea to 24 years at some of the sites in St. John. One hundred and twenty-three fixed sites (defined here as distinct surveys carried out within a defined reef habitat, depth range, or area of shoreline) were surveyed repeatedly (annually or every few years) in each focal region. Only sites with surveys extending over a decade or more and with at least 3 years of surveys were used so as to capture a variety of disturbance events (for example, El Niño events, major storms, etc.). Each focal region has experienced disturbances such as overfishing, disease pandemics, thermal stress, pollution, invasive species, predator outbreaks, and major storms. The data gathered for analysis are provided in this data release and are interpreted in Guest and others (2018). Purpose: These data were originally collected by state and federal institutions to monitor the persistence of coral reef ecosystem resources. The data were combined and analyzed as part of the of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis working group "Local-scale ecosystem resilience amid global-scale ocean change: the coral reef example". These data and subsequent analyses will be used to inform resource managers and the scientific community on the long-term prognosis for coral reef health and to help guide management decisions. Supplemental_Information: Scientific research permits: The data included here were collected with permission from the respective government agencies responsible for marine resource management in each jurisdiction. See cross-referenced publications for permitting and methods details. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1992 Ending_Date: 2015 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -159.78 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -64.6677 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 25.295 South_Bounding_Coordinate: -17.5883 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: reef ecosystems Theme_Keyword: coelenterates Theme_Keyword: aquatic biology Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: coral reef Theme_Keyword: community ecology Theme_Keyword: coral cover Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: oceans Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System Place_Keyword: Dry Tortugas National Park Place_Keyword: Florida Keys Place_Keyword: Florida Place_Keyword: United States of America Place_Keyword: Hawaii Place_Keyword: O'ahu Place_Keyword: Maui Place_Keyword: Kaua'i Place_Keyword: Moloka'i Place_Keyword: Virgin Islands National Park Place_Keyword: United States Virgin Islands Place_Keyword: Saint John Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Place_Keyword: Mo'orea Place_Keyword: French Polynesia Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Stratum_Keyword: seafloor Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Temporal_Keyword: Modern Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ilsa B. Kuffner Contact_Organization: Southeast Region Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4Th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8048 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ikuffner@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: University of Hawaii, California State University Northridge, National Park Service, and Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: E. K. Brown Originator: E. Cox Originator: P. Jokiel Originator: K. Rodgers Originator: W. Smith Originator: B. Tissot Originator: S. L. Coles Originator: J. Hultquist Publication_Date: 2004 Title: Development of benthic sampling methods for the Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (CRAMP) in Hawai'i Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Honolulu, HI Publisher: Pacific Science 58(2):145-158 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: P. J. Edmunds Publication_Date: 2013 Title: Decadal-scale changes in the community structure of coral reefs of St. John, US Virgin Islands Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Northridge, CA Publisher: Marine Ecology Progress Series 489:107-123 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: P. L. Jokiel Originator: E. K. Brown Originator: A. Friedlander Originator: K. S. Rodgers Originator: W. R. Smith Publication_Date: 2004 Title: Hawai'i Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program: spatial patterns and temporal dynamics in reef coral communities Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Honolulu, HI Publisher: Pacific Science 58(2):159-174 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: J. Miller Originator: E. Muller Originator: C. Rogers Originator: R. Waara Originator: A. Atkinson Originator: K. Whelan Originator: M. Patterson Originator: B. Witcher Publication_Date: 2009 Title: Coral disease following massive bleaching in 2005 causes 60% decline in coral cover on reefs in the US Virgin Islands Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. John, VI Publisher: Coral Reefs 28:925-937. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: J. Miller Originator: C. S. Rogers Originator: M. W. Feeley Originator: A. J. Atkinson Originator: A. D. Davis Originator: M. E. Patterson Originator: R. J. Waara Originator: B. D. Witcher Originator: J. M. Patterson Originator: E. M. Muller Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Coral reef monitoring: Protocol narrativeÑVersion 2.0. Natural Resource Report NPS/SFCN/NRR—2017/1464 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fort Collins, Colorado Publisher: National Park Service Online_Linkage: https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/DownloadFile/580459 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: K. S. Rodgers Originator: P. L. Jokiel Originator: E. K. Brown Originator: S. Hau Originator: R. Sparks Publication_Date: 2015 Title: Over a decade of change in spatial and temporal dynamics of Hawaiian coral reef communities Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Honolulu, HI Publisher: Pacific Science 69(1):1-13 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: C. S. Rogers Originator: J. Miller Publication_Date: 2006 Title: Permanent 'phase shifts' or reversible declines in coral cover? Lack of recovery of two coral reefs in St. John, US Virgin Islands Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. John, VI Publisher: Marine Ecology Progress Series 306:103-114 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: R. R. Ruzicka Originator: M. A. Colella Originator: J. W. Porter Originator: J. M. Morrison Originator: J. A. Kidney Originator: V. Brinkhuis Originator: K. S. Lunz Originator: K. A. Macaulay Originator: L. A. Bartlett Originator: M. K. Meyers Originator: J. Colee Publication_Date: 2013 Title: Temporal changes in benthic assemblages on Florida Keys reefs 11 years after the 1997/1998 El Niño Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: Marine Ecology Progress Series 489:125-141 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: T. C. Adam Originator: R. J. Schmitt Originator: S. J. Holbrook Originator: A. J. Brooks Originator: P. J. Edmunds Originator: R. C. Carpenter Originator: G. Bernardi Publication_Date: 2011 Title: Herbivory, connectivity, and ecosystem resilience: Response of a coral reef to a large-scale perturbation Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Northridge, CA Publisher: PLoS ONE 6(8):e23717 Online_Linkage: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0023717 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: For each of the 123 sites where surveys occurred, mean percent coral cover was calculated as the average of all replicate transects, quadrats or stations (dependent on the sampling design for each monitoring program) surveyed within each year. The locations of fixed quadrats, transects, or stations within sites were randomly or haphazardly selected, except for two sites in St. John (Tektite 1 and Yawzi 1), which were selected based on high coral cover in 1987. Detailed descriptions of monitoring methods used and disturbance regimes for each focal location are presented in previous publications and on the monitoring programsÕ websites (Hawaii Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program, ÒCRAMP_HawaiiÓ: Brown et al. 2004, Jokiel et al. 2004, Rodgers et al. 2015, cramp.wcc.hawaii.edu/; Florida Coral Reef Evaluation and Monitoring Project, ÒCREMP_FloridaÓ: Ruzicka et al. 2013, http://www.myfwc.com/research/habitat/coral/; Mo'orea Long Term Ecological Research Network, ÒMo'orea_LTERÓ: Adam et al. 2011, http://mcr.lternet.edu/; St. John, USVI, for data collected by National Park Service South Florida Caribbean Network, ÒNPS_SFCNÓ: Rogers & Miller 2006; Miller et al. 2009; Miller et al. 2017; http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/sfcn/; St. John, USVI, for data collected by California State University Northridge, ÒCSUNÓ: Edmunds 2013, and contact Peter J. Edmunds, email: peter.edmunds@csun.edu). Process_Date: 2016 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ilsa B Kuffner Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4Th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8048 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ikuffner@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: N/A Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Coral_cover_data.csv, Coral_cover_data.xlsx Entity_Type_Definition: These files contain attribute information for coral-reef survey data collected at four focal locations: the main Hawaiian Islands, the Florida Keys, Mo'orea in French Polynesia, and St. John in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Data include focal location name, sub-location name, site name, site latitude, site longitude, year data collected, taxonomic identity, and percent cover of live coral. To view the data in a tab-delimited format arranged by column, please use the Excel spreadsheet. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Location Attribute_Definition: A textual identifier of the four locations where data were collected: "Florida_Keys" = the Florida Keys islands in the state of Florida, United States of America; "French Polynesia" = the overseas collectivity of the French Republic; "Main_Hawaiian_Islands" = the main islands of the state of Hawaii, United States of America; "USVI" = the United States Territory of the Virgin Islands, United States of America. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: A textual description of the geographic location where data were collected. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Sub_location Attribute_Definition: A textual identifier of the region within each of the four locations where data were collected. St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, and French Polynesia do not have more than one sub-location. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: A textual description of the geographic sub-location where data were collected. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Site_name Attribute_Definition: A textual identifier of the site assigned by the data collectors. "Site" is defined here as the geographic area where distinct surveys were carried out within a defined reef habitat, depth range, or area of shoreline. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: A textual description of the geographic site where data were collected. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Data_source Attribute_Definition: A textual identifier of the institutional monitoring program responsible for collecting the data. "CREMP_Florida" = Florida Coral Reef Evaluation and Monitoring Project; "Mo'orea_LTER" = Mo'orea Long Term Ecological Research Network; "CRAMP_Hawaii" = Hawaii Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program; "NPS_SFCN" = National Park Service South Florida Caribbean Network; "CSUN" = California State University Northridge. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: A textual description of the institutional program responsible for collecting the data. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude Attribute_Definition: A numeric value of the angular distance of a place north (positive) or south (negative) of the earth's equator expressed in decimal degrees. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -17.5883 Range_Domain_Maximum: 25.2950 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude Attribute_Definition: A numeric value of the angular distance of a place east (positive) or west (negative) of the earth's prime meridian expressed in decimal degrees. Attribute_Definition_Source: TBD Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -159.7800 Range_Domain_Maximum: -64.6677 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Year Attribute_Definition: A numerical value representing the calendar year in which the data were collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: TBD Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1992 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2015 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: N/a Attribute: Attribute_Label: Taxon Attribute_Definition: A textual identifier of the lowest taxonomic name given to the organism(s) identified in the sample (for example, genus and species, genus, family, order) as described in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS, http://www.marinespecies.org) or species-complex category containing only accepted species names as described in the WoRMS. Attribute_Definition_Source: World Register of Marine Species Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: A textual identifier of the genus and species, genus, family, order as described in the WoRMS, or a species-complex category identified as follows: The Agaricia_agaricites_complex includes A. agaricites and A. humilis. The Madracis_decactis_complex includes M. decactis, M. pharensis, and M. senaria. The Mycetophyllia_lamarckiana_complex includes M. lamarckiana and M. danaana. The Orbicella_annularis_complex includes O. faveolata and O. franksi, and O. annularis. The Porites_porites_complex includes P. porites, P. furcata, and P. divaricate. The Porites_spp_Massive taxon category includes P. lobata, P. lutea and P. australiensis Attribute: Attribute_Label: Percent_cover Attribute_Definition: Percentage of the sampling unit area covered by the specified coral taxon named in column 8 (Taxon). This value is a mean value calculated by averaging replicate observations (for example, quadrats and/or transect lines) within the area defined as a site named in column 3 (Site_name). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 60.16 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ilsa B Kuffner Contact_Organization: Southeast Region Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4Th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8048 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ikuffner@usgs.gov Distribution_Liability: This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: CSV (Comma-Separated Values) Format_Version_Number: None Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F78W3C7W/data/Coral_cover_data.zip Fees: None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the dataset. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20190710 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ilsa B Kuffner Contact_Organization: Southeast Region Contact_Position: Research Marine Biologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4Th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8048 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ikuffner@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998