<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metadata>
  <idinfo>
    <citation>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>Kara S. Doran</origin>
        <origin>Justin J. Birchler</origin>
        <origin>Joshua M. Pardun</origin>
        <pubdate>20230822</pubdate>
        <title>2019 North Carolina and Virginia USACE Lidar-Derived Dune Crest, Toe and Shoreline</title>
        <geoform>tabular digital data</geoform>
        <lworkcit>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>Kara S. Doran</origin>
            <origin>Joseph W. Long</origin>
            <origin>Justin J. Birchler</origin>
            <origin>Owen T. Brenner</origin>
            <origin>Matthew W. Hardy</origin>
            <origin>Karen L.M. Morgan</origin>
            <origin>Hilary F. Stockdon</origin>
            <origin>Miguel Loubriel Torres</origin>
            <pubdate>20170805</pubdate>
            <title>Lidar-derived Beach Morphology (Dune Crest, Dune Toe, and Shoreline) for U.S. Sandy Coastlines</title>
            <edition>5.0</edition>
            <serinfo>
              <sername>U.S. Geological Survey data release</sername>
              <issue>doi:10.5066/F7GF0S0Z</issue>
            </serinfo>
            <pubinfo>
              <pubplace>St. Petersburg, Florida</pubplace>
              <publish>U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center</publish>
            </pubinfo>
            <onlink>https://doi.org/10.5066/F7GF0S0Z</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </lworkcit>
      </citeinfo>
    </citation>
    <descript>
      <abstract>The storm-induced Coastal Change Hazards component of the National Assessment of Coastal Change Hazards (NACCH) project focuses on understanding the magnitude and variability of extreme storm impacts on sandy beaches. Light detection and ranging (L=lidar)-derived beach morphologic features such as dune crest, toe, and shoreline help define the vulnerability of the beach to storm impacts. This dataset defines the elevation and position of the seaward-most dune crest and toe and the mean high-water shoreline derived from the 2019 United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) North Carolina and Virginia lidar survey. Beach width is included and is defined as the distance between the dune toe and shoreline along a cross-shore profile. The beach slope is calculated using this beach width and the elevation of the shoreline and dune toe.</abstract>
      <purpose>To provide data on the morphology of U.S. sandy beaches. Data were collected during U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) field activity number (FAN) 2019-310-DD; additional survey details are available on the Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data Systems (CMGDS), at https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2019-310-DD.</purpose>
    </descript>
    <timeperd>
      <timeinfo>
        <rngdates>
          <begdate>20190618</begdate>
          <enddate>20190625</enddate>
        </rngdates>
      </timeinfo>
      <current>ground condition</current>
    </timeperd>
    <status>
      <progress>Complete</progress>
      <update>None planned</update>
    </status>
    <spdom>
      <bounding>
        <westbc>-75.879085</westbc>
        <eastbc>-75.460860</eastbc>
        <northbc>36.597585</northbc>
        <southbc>35.219166</southbc>
      </bounding>
    </spdom>
    <keywords>
      <theme>
        <themekt>USGS Metadata Identifier</themekt>
        <themekey>USGS:f3ef3af1-d97b-4a67-ac51-cdfac3c82db3</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>None</themekt>
        <themekey>U.S. Geological Survey</themekey>
        <themekey>USGS</themekey>
        <themekey>St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center</themekey>
        <themekey>SPCMSC</themekey>
        <themekey>Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program</themekey>
        <themekey>CMHRP</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>ISO 19115 Topic Category</themekt>
        <themekey>geoscientificInformation</themekey>
        <themekey>elevation</themekey>
        <themekey>environment</themekey>
        <themekey>oceans</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>USGS Thesaurus</themekt>
        <themekey>hazards</themekey>
        <themekey>marine geology</themekey>
        <themekey>ocean sciences</themekey>
        <themekey>coastal processes</themekey>
        <themekey>lidar</themekey>
        <themekey>geomorphology</themekey>
      </theme>
      <place>
        <placekt>Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)</placekt>
        <placekey>Atlantic Ocean</placekey>
        <placekey>North Carolina</placekey>
        <placekey>Virginia</placekey>
      </place>
    </keywords>
    <accconst>None</accconst>
    <useconst>Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originators of the data in future products or derivative research.</useconst>
    <ptcontac>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntorgp>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>
          <cntper>Kara S. Doran</cntper>
        </cntorgp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
          <address>600 4th Street South</address>
          <city>Saint Petersburg</city>
          <state>FL</state>
          <postal>33701</postal>
          <country>UNITED STATES</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>727-502-8117</cntvoice>
        <cntfax>727-502-8001</cntfax>
        <cntemail>kdoran@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </ptcontac>
    <native>Microsoft Windows 10 Version 6.1 (Build 7600); Esri ArcMap 10.0.6.6000; MATLAB 2021a</native>
    <crossref>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>Stockdon, H.F., Doran, K.J., Thompson, D.M., Sopkin, K.L., Plant, N.G., and Sallenger, A.H.</origin>
        <pubdate>20120501</pubdate>
        <title>National Assessment of Hurricane-Induced Coastal Erosion Hazards: Gulf of Mexico</title>
        <geoform>vector digital data</geoform>
        <serinfo>
          <sername>U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report</sername>
          <issue>2012-1084</issue>
        </serinfo>
        <pubinfo>
          <pubplace>Reston, VA</pubplace>
          <publish>U.S. Geological Survey</publish>
        </pubinfo>
        <onlink>https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121084</onlink>
      </citeinfo>
    </crossref>
  </idinfo>
  <dataqual>
    <logic>Morphologic features were reviewed for quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) in ArcMap and edited in MATLAB, as needed. Gaps and anomalies in the data result from data coverage or QA/QC procedures, which are detailed in Stockdon and others (2012).</logic>
    <complete>This dataset is considered complete for the information presented as described in the abstract section. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.</complete>
    <posacc>
      <horizpa>
        <horizpar>Horizontal accuracy is estimated for shorelines only by calculating the 95% confidence interval of the regression line through the shoreline position and is dependent on foreshore slope, scatter in the lidar data points, and specified lidar point uncertainty. Horizontal coordinates were projected to the World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84) coordinate system with a resolution of 10 meters (m) in the longshore direction and 2.5 m in the cross-shore direction.</horizpar>
      </horizpa>
      <vertacc>
        <vertaccr>Vertical accuracy is determined for each dune crest and toe value based upon the scatter of data in the lidar grid cell. Vertical coordinates were projected to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) coordinates system with a resolution of 10 centimeters.</vertaccr>
      </vertacc>
    </posacc>
    <lineage>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)</origin>
            <pubdate>20200124</pubdate>
            <title>2019 USACE NCMP Topobathy Lidar: East Coast (NC)</title>
            <onlink>https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/58669</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <typesrc>Online digital data</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20190618</begdate>
              <enddate>20190625</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>ground condition</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>2019-310-DD</srccitea>
        <srccontr>A lidar survey that was used to estimate dune morphology variables.</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <procstep>
        <procdesc>Elevation data points from the lidar survey were interpolated in MATLAB 2017a to a gridded domain (segment) that was rotated parallel to the shoreline and had a resolution of 10 meters (m) in the longshore direction and 2.5 m in the cross-shore direction. The interpolation method applies spatial filtering with a Hanning window that is twice as wide as the grid resolution. Dune crest, toe and shoreline are extracted from the elevation grid in MATLAB every 10 m alongshore (each grid row is a profile). For details on feature extraction see: Stockdon and others (2012). The dataset was then converted to a comma-separated values file (.csv) for publication in this data release (Doran and others, 2017).</procdesc>
        <srcused>2019-310-DD</srcused>
        <procdate>20210930</procdate>
        <srcprod>2019-310-DD_morphology.csv</srcprod>
      </procstep>
    </lineage>
  </dataqual>
  <spdoinfo>
    <direct>Point</direct>
    <ptvctinf>
      <sdtsterm>
        <sdtstype>Point</sdtstype>
        <ptvctcnt>48842</ptvctcnt>
      </sdtsterm>
    </ptvctinf>
  </spdoinfo>
  <spref>
    <horizsys>
      <geograph>
        <latres>0.0197843295</latres>
        <longres>0.0229959585</longres>
        <geogunit>Decimal degrees</geogunit>
      </geograph>
      <geodetic>
        <horizdn>D WGS 1984</horizdn>
        <ellips>WGS 1984</ellips>
        <semiaxis>6378137.0</semiaxis>
        <denflat>298.2572235</denflat>
      </geodetic>
    </horizsys>
    <vertdef>
      <altsys>
        <altdatum>North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88)</altdatum>
        <altres>0.0001</altres>
        <altunits>meter</altunits>
        <altenc>Attribute values</altenc>
      </altsys>
    </vertdef>
  </spref>
  <eainfo>
    <detailed>
      <enttyp>
        <enttypl>2019-310-DD_morphology.csv</enttypl>
        <enttypd>Dune crest, toe and shoreline, beach width and mean beach slope. See the accompanying data dictionary (Data dictionary for lidar.docx) for more details about the numbering system for the state, segment, and profile fields.</enttypd>
        <enttypds>USGS</enttypds>
      </enttyp>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>state</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>State segment file identification (ID) number.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>USGS</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>11</rdommin>
            <rdommax>12</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>segment</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Segment ID number.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>USGS</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>1</rdommin>
            <rdommax>25</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>profile</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Grid row number corresponding to a cross-shore profile location.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>USGS</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>1</rdommin>
            <rdommax>3562</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>lon</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Feature location longitude (WGS84).</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>USGS</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>-75.879085</rdommin>
            <rdommax>-75.460860</rdommax>
            <attrunit>decimal degrees</attrunit>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>999</edomv>
            <edomvd>Null value</edomvd>
            <edomvds>USGS</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>lat</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Feature location latitude (WGS84).</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>USGS</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>35.219166</rdommin>
            <rdommax>36.597585</rdommax>
            <attrunit>decimal degrees</attrunit>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>999</edomv>
            <edomvd>Null value</edomvd>
            <edomvds>USGS</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>x</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Cross-shore feature location.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>USGS</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>-2040.2955</rdommin>
            <rdommax>767.637</rdommax>
            <attrunit>meters</attrunit>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>999</edomv>
            <edomvd>Null value</edomvd>
            <edomvds>USGS</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>z</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Feature elevation (NAVD88). For shorelines, it is the mean high-water elevation.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>USGS</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>0.26</rdommin>
            <rdommax>12.3901</rdommax>
            <attrunit>meters</attrunit>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>999</edomv>
            <edomvd>Null value</edomvd>
            <edomvds>USGS</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>x_err</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>95% confidence interval for the cross-shore shoreline position (NAVD88).</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>USGS</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>0</rdommin>
            <rdommax>17.317</rdommax>
            <attrunit>meters</attrunit>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>999</edomv>
            <edomvd>Null value</edomvd>
            <edomvds>USGS</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>z_err</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Root mean squared vertical error of dune crest (NAVD88).</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>USGS</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>0.0134</rdommin>
            <rdommax>1.9795</rdommax>
            <attrunit>meters</attrunit>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>999</edomv>
            <edomvd>Null value</edomvd>
            <edomvds>USGS</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>beach_width</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Distance between dune toe and shoreline (NAVD88).</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>USGS</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>8.792</rdommin>
            <rdommax>300.3615</rdommax>
            <attrunit>meters</attrunit>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>999</edomv>
            <edomvd>Null value</edomvd>
            <edomvds>USGS</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>slope</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Mean beach slope calculated between dune toe and shoreline (NAVD88).</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>USGS</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>0.0041</rdommin>
            <rdommax>0.1705</rdommax>
            <attrunit>radians</attrunit>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>999</edomv>
            <edomvd>Null value</edomvd>
            <edomvds>USGS</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>feature_type</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>An identifier for the type of feature in the table entry.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>USGS</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>DC</edomv>
            <edomvd>Dune Crest</edomvd>
            <edomvds>USGS</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>DT</edomv>
            <edomvd>Dune Toe</edomvd>
            <edomvds>USGS</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>SL</edomv>
            <edomvd>Shoreline</edomvd>
            <edomvds>USGS</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
    </detailed>
    <overview>
      <eaover>The detailed attribute descriptions for the state, segment, and profile fields are included in an accompanying data dictionary (Data dictionary for lidar.docx). These metadata are not complete without this file.</eaover>
      <eadetcit>The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.</eadetcit>
    </overview>
  </eainfo>
  <distinfo>
    <distrib>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntorgp>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>
          <cntper>Kara S. Doran</cntper>
        </cntorgp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
          <address>600 4th Street South</address>
          <city>Saint Petersburg</city>
          <state>FL</state>
          <postal>33701</postal>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>727-502-8117</cntvoice>
        <cntfax>727-502-8001</cntfax>
        <cntemail>kdoran@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </distrib>
    <resdesc>2019-310-DD_morphology.csv</resdesc>
    <distliab>This digital publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.</distliab>
    <stdorder>
      <digform>
        <digtinfo>
          <formname>comma-delimited text</formname>
          <filedec>The data download file is compressed and must be unzipped using software such as WinZip, 7zip, Peazip or pkUnzip before use.</filedec>
        </digtinfo>
        <digtopt>
          <onlinopt>
            <computer>
              <networka>
                <networkr>https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7GF0S0Z/data/2019-310-DD_morphology.zip</networkr>
              </networka>
            </computer>
          </onlinopt>
        </digtopt>
      </digform>
      <fees>none</fees>
    </stdorder>
  </distinfo>
  <metainfo>
    <metd>20230822</metd>
    <metc>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntorgp>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey</cntorg>
          <cntper>Kara S. Doran</cntper>
        </cntorgp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
          <address>600 4th Street South</address>
          <city>Saint Petersburg</city>
          <state>FL</state>
          <postal>33701</postal>
          <country>UNITED STATES</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>727-502-8117</cntvoice>
        <cntfax>727-502-8001</cntfax>
        <cntemail>kdoran@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </metc>
    <metstdn>Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn>
    <metstdv>FGDC-STD-001-1998</metstdv>
    <mettc>local time</mettc>
  </metainfo>
</metadata>
