Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Lauren T. Toth Originator: Anastasios Stathakopoulos Originator: Ilsa B. Kuffner Publication_Date: 20180426 Title: Descriptive core logs, high-resolution images and derived data for Holocene reef cores collected from 1976 to 2017 along the Florida Keys reef tract Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F7NV9HJX Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7NV9HJX Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Lauren T. Toth Originator: Ilsa B. Kuffner Originator: Anastasios Stathakopoulos Originator: Eugene A. Shinn Publication_Date: 20180821 Title: A 3000-year lag between the geological and ecological collapse of FloridaÕs coral reefs Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: multimedia presentation Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Hoboken, New Jersey Publisher: Global Change Biology Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14389 Description: Abstract: The USGS core archive (Reich and others, 2009; https://olga.er.usgs.gov/coreviewer/) houses an extensive collection of coral-reef cores that USGS researchers have collected from throughout the Florida Keys reef tract (FKRT). USGS scientists have compiled all available data on the 71 core records that recovered Holocene reef framework, including radiometric ages (radiocarbon and U-series), data on reef development (timing of reef initiation and senescence, reef accretion, and reef thickness) and geospatial information. High-resolution core photographs and descriptive core logs for each of the cores were also produced. For further information regarding data collection and analysis methods refer to Toth and others, 2018. This research is a part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coral Reef Ecosystem Studies Project (https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/crest/). Purpose: Data were obtained in order to develop a comprehensive reconstruction of the development of the coral reefs of the Florida Keys reef tract during the Holocene. The data were used to reconstruct Holocene reef thickness, rates of reef accretion, and the timing of reef senescence. Supplemental_Information: To ensure that USGS-St. Petersburg data management protocols were followed, this dataset was assigned USGS field activity number (FAN) 2018-301-DD. Additional survey and data details are available from the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System (CMGDS) at, https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-301-DD. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1976 Ending_Date: 2017 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -83.04861 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.0967 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 25.5906 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.4348 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: paleoceanography Theme_Keyword: reef ecosystems Theme_Keyword: radiometric dating Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: oceans Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System Place_Keyword: Florida Keys Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Temporal_Keyword: Holocene Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: none Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Lauren T. Toth Contact_Organization: Southeast Region Contact_Position: Research Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4Th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8029 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ltoth@usgs.gov Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Chris Reich Originator: Matt Streubert Originator: Brendan Dwyer Originator: Meg Godbout Originator: Adis Muslic Originator: Dan Umberger Publication_Date: 2012 Title: St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center's Core Archive Portal Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series Issue_Identification: 626 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/626/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Lauren T. Toth Originator: Ilsa B. Kuffner Originator: Anastasios Stathakopoulos Originator: Eugene A. Shinn Publication_Date: 2018 Title: The development and demise of the Florida Keys reef tract Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Basingstoke, United Kingdom Publisher: Nature Geoscience, Macmillan Publishers Limited Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Lauren T. Toth Originator: Hai Cheng Originator: R. Lawrence Edwards Originator: Erica Ashe Originator: Julie Richey Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Local Radiocarbon Reservoir Age (?R) Variability from the Nearshore and Open-Ocean Environments of the Florida Keys Reef Tract During the Holocene and Associated U-Series and Radiocarbon Data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F7P8492Q Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7P8492Q/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: E.A. Shinn Originator: J.H. Hudson Originator: R.B. Halley Originator: B.H. Lidz Publication_Date: 1977 Title: Topographic control and accumulation rate of some Holocene coral reefs: South Florida and Dry Tortugas Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Coral Gables, FL Publisher: Proceedings of the 3rd International Coral Reef Symposium Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: D. Mallinson Originator: A. Hine Originator: P. Hallock Originator: S. Locker Originator: E. Shinn Originator: D. Naar Originator: B. Donahue Originator: D. Weaver Publication_Date: 2003 Title: Development of small carbonate banks on the south Florida platform margin: response to sea level and climate change Series_Information: Series_Name: Marine Geology Issue_Identification: Volume 199, Issues 1–2 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Amsterdam, Netherlands Publisher: Elsevier Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00141-5 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: J.C. Brock Originator: M. Palaseanu-Lovejoy Originator: R.Z. Poore Originator: A. Nayegandhi Originator: C.W. Wright Publication_Date: 2010 Title: Holocene aggradation of the Dry Tortugas coral reef ecosystem Series_Information: Series_Name: Coral Reefs Issue_Identification: Volume 29, Issue 4 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Berlin, Germany Publisher: Springer Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-010-0658-6 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: T.D. Hickey Originator: C.D. Reich Originator: K.L. DeLong Originator: R.Z. Poore Originator: J.C. Brock Publication_Date: 2012 Title: Holocene core logs and site methods for modern reef and head-coral cores - Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1095/pdf/ofr2012-1095.pdf Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: L.T. Toth Originator: I.B. Kuffner Originator: H. Cheng Originator: R.L. Edwards Publication_Date: 2015 Title: A new record of the late Pleistocene coral Pocillopora palmata from the Dry Tortugas, Florida reef tract, USA Series_Information: Series_Name: Palaios Issue_Identification: 30 (12): 827–835 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Tulsa, OK Publisher: Society for Sedimentary Geology Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2110/palo.2015.030 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: P. Dustan Originator: B.H. Lidz Originator: E.A. Shinn Publication_Date: 1991 Title: Impact of exploratory wells, offshore Florida: a biological assessment Series_Information: Series_Name: Bulletin of Marine Science Issue_Identification: 48 (1): 94–124 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Miami, FL Publisher: University of Miami Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: M.A. Toscano Originator: J. Lundberg Publication_Date: 1998 Title: Early Holocene sea-level record from submerged fossil reefs on the southeast Florida margin Series_Information: Series_Name: Geology Issue_Identification: 26 (3): 255–258 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: McLean, VA Publisher: Geological Society of America Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0255:EHSLRF>2.3.CO;2 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: M.A. Toscano Originator: J. Lundberg Publication_Date: 1999 Title: Submerged Late Pleistocene reefs on the tectonically-stable S.E. Florida margin: high-precision geochronology, stratigraphy, resolution of Substage 5a sea-level elevation, and orbital forcing Series_Information: Series_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews Issue_Identification: Volume 18, Issue 6 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Berlin, Germany Publisher: Elsevier Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(98)00077-8 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: M.A. Toscano Publication_Date: 1996 Title: Late quaternary stratigraphy, sea-level history and paleoclimatology of the southeast Florida outer continental shelf. Ph.D. dissertation Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: University of South Florida, Department of Marine Science Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: E.A. Shinn Originator: J.H. Hudson Originator: D.M. Robbin Originator: B.H. Lidz Publication_Date: 1982 Title: Spurs and grooves revisited: construction versus erosion Looe Key reef, Florida Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Quezon City, Philippines Publisher: Marine Sciences Center, University of the Philippines Online_Linkage: https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70122248 Other_Citation_Details: Fourth International Coral Reef Symposium, Manila, Philippines, 18-22 May 1981 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: E.A. Shinn Publication_Date: 1980 Title: Geologic history of Grecian Rocks, Key Largo coral reef marine sanctuary Series_Information: Series_Name: Bulletin of Marine Science Issue_Identification: 30 (3): 646–656 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Miami, FL Publisher: University of Miami Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: D.M. Robbin Publication_Date: 1982 Title: Subaerial CaCO3 crust: a tool for timing reef initiation and defining sea level changes Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Quezon City, Philippines Publisher: Marine Sciences Center, University of the Philippines Online_Linkage: https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70122248 Other_Citation_Details: Fourth International Coral Reef Symposium, Manila, Philippines, 18-22 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Patrick J. Gleason Publication_Date: 1984 Title: Environments of South Florida: Present and Past, II Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Coral Gables, FL Publisher: Miami Geological Society Other_Citation_Details: D.M. Robbin, A New Holocene Sea Level Curve for Upper Florida Keys and Florida Reef Tract Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: C.D. Reich Originator: R.B. Halley Originator: T. Hickey Originator: P. Swarzenski Publication_Date: 2006 Title: Groundwater characterization and assessment of contaminants in marine areas of Biscayne National Park Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/reports/bisc_gw_char/index.html Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: C.D. Reich Originator: T.D. Hickey Originator: K.L. DeLong Originator: R.Z. Poore Originator: J.C. Brock Publication_Date: 2009 Title: Holocene core logs and site statistics for modern patch-reef cores: Biscayne National Park, Florida Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2009-1246 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20091246 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: N.S. Khan Originator: E. Ashe Originator: B.P. Horton Originator: A. Dutton Originator: R.E. Kopp Originator: G. Brocard Originator: S.E. Engelhart Originator: D.F. Hill Originator: W.R. Peltier Originator: C.H. Vane Originator: F.N. Scatena Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Drivers of Holocene sea-level change in the Caribbean Series_Information: Series_Name: Quaternary Science Reviews Issue_Identification: Volume 155 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Amsterdam, Netherlands Publisher: Quaternary Science Reviews, Elsevier Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.08.032. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: D.K. Hubbard Publication_Date: 2014 Title: Holocene accretion rates and styles for Caribbean coral reefs: lessons for the past and future Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Tulsa, OK Publisher: SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2110/sepmsp.105.03 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: E.A. Shinn Originator: B.H. Lidz Publication_Date: 2018 Title: Geology of the Florida Keys Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Gainesville, FL Publisher: University Press of Florida Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: K.E. Kohler Originator: S.M. Gill Publication_Date: 2006 Title: Coral Point Count with Excel extensions (CPCe): A Visual Basic program for the determination of coral and substrate coverage using random point count methodology Series_Information: Series_Name: Computers & Geosciences Issue_Identification: Volume 32, Issue 9 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Amsterdam, Netherlands Publisher: Elsevier Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.11.009 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: All of the descriptive data from the cores (for example, water depths where cores were collected, depths of samples in cores, depth to Pleistocene bedrock) and all of the derived data from the cores (accretion rates, timing of initiation, timing of senescence) were independently verified using primary data by two of the contributors to this data release (L. Toth and A. Stathakopoulos). Logical_Consistency_Report: All of the data falls within expected ranges. Where there are blank fields in the datasets, the data either could not be or were not collected for that sample or core. In FKRT_Radiometric_Ages: Measured 14C ages and associated errors are only included for samples that were dated with standard radiometric dating; only conventional ages are reported for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) ages; measured delta-13C is only included for samples where delta-13C was directly measured and for other samples it was assumed to be 0 per mil with an uncertainty of +/-4 per mil. In FKRT_Core_Data: Holocene thickness values are not included for cores that did not reach the Pleistocene bedrock or for those for which the depth of the Holocene-Pleistocene transition could not be reliably estimated; age of initiation was only included for cores that reached the Pleistocene bedrock, which had a sample dated within 1 m of the Holocene-Pleistocene boundary; scientists did not estimate the timing of senescene for reef that only began keeping pace with sea level during the late Holocene. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Note that although data on cores DT-LB-2, DT-TB-3, LK-SK-2, LK-SK-5, LK-SK-6, LK-SK-7, LK-SK-7, UK-CF-1, UK-CF-2, UK-CF-3, UK-CF-4, and UK-CF-5 and surface samples LK-RK-N1, LK-RK-N2, LK-RK-N3, LK-SK-N4, and LK-SK-N5 are included in the FKRT_Radiometric_Ages and FKRT_Core_Data spreadsheets, core logs were not generated for those cores for the following reasons: DT-LB-2: Recovery in this core was too poor to generate an accurate core log DT-TB-3: This core was collected through a living coral head with no recovery of Holocene reef, so it was not appropriate to include this core in the database of Holocene core logs LK-SK and UK-CF cores: Core logs for these cores were generated by the original researchers in Toscano, 1996. USGS staff were unable to replicate the detail of the core logs in this publication so researchers did not attempt to make new logs for these cores. LK-RK-N1, N2, N3 and LK-SK-N4, N4, N5: These are very short cores of the upper Holocene reef, generally through a single coral head, so it was not appropriate to generate core logs for these cores. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Many of the cores included in this database were collected before the advent of modern GPS (during the 1970s and 1980s) so the locations are estimated. Locations from cores collected after the mid-1990s were measured using either handheld GPS (generally the Garmin GPSMAP 78SC), vessel GPS, or were surveyed in the field. For the locations that were measured with GPS, the latitude and longitude (in decimal degrees) are referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Water depths were generally estimated by researchers in the field using handheld, submersible depth gauges; however, more accurate survey methods were used in some cases for cores collected after the early 2000s. For cores collected prior to the early 2000s, data on water depths was mined from previous publications, field notes, and/or core boxes. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Collection of the Holocene reef cores: The USGS Core Archive (Reich and others 2012; https://usgs.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=2b7d5dbc0be340b9b17f6d94aac5b713) housed at the St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC) contains an extensive collection of Holocene reef cores from throughout the FKRT from 1976 to present. This archive represents the legacy of more than half a century of geological and ecological research programs in the region (Shinn and Lidz, 2018). The majority of the cores were collected using the USGS hydraulic wireline drilling system (Shinn and others, 1977). The coring system is positioned over the reef by suspending the hydraulic drill from a cable attached to an aluminum tripod. Core barrels and a water hose are attached to the drill and a hydraulic water pump is used to force seawater down the borehole to flush the drill cuttings and facilitate coring. Cores are collected using a double-barrel wireline system, in which successive 5-ft (~1.5 m) sections of reef framework are cored and then recovered by removing the inner barrel, while the outer barrel remains in the reef. Three of the cores (LK-SK-6, UK-CF-1, and UK-CF-4) were collected using the SCARID hydraulic drilling system developed by Hubbard (see Hubbard, 2014). The general concept of the SCARID system is the same as the USGS coring system, but instead of being suspended by a cable from a tripod, the drill is fixed to a rigid frame, which allows for more stability and more precise determination of the depths of recovered material (Hubbard, 2014). Process_Date: 2017 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Lauren T. Toth Contact_Organization: Southeast Region Contact_Position: Research Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4Th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8029 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ltoth@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Generation of core photograph and descriptive core logs: In order to capture high-resolution images of the core records, three, close-up photographs of each core were taken using a Canon EOS Rebel digital camera. Intervals between consecutive core barrels are marked in the core boxes were indicated by printed labels in the photographs. Unless otherwise indicated, the labels indicate depth in feet in the core because the USGS coring system is designed to use Imperial measurements. A ruler was also placed within the core photographs for scale and was used to generate scale markers at the bottom of each photo mosaic. Photographic core logs were generated by creating high-resolution photo-mosaics of the three core photographs using the Photomerge tool in Adobe® Photoshop® CC 2017. Using the cores for reference, all recovered reef material visible in the photographic core logs was identified. Coral skeletons were generally identified to the species level; however, some species of coral such as: Orbicella spp. (O. faveolata, O. annularis, and O. franksii), branching Porites spp. (P. divaricata, P. furcata, and P. porites), Pseudodiploria spp. (P. strigose and P. clivosa), and Millepora spp. (M. alcicornis, M. complanata, M. squarosa, and M. striata) were pooled to the genus level because they could not be reliably identified to the species level. Carbonate reef rocks and unconsolidated sediments were identified categorically. The composition of each core was quantified by tracing the projected surface area of each core component on the digital core photographs using the Area Analysis Tool in the program Coral Point Count with Excel extensions (CPCe; Kohler and Gill, 2006). The data collected in CPCe were used to determine percentage recovery and percentage composition of coral taxa within each recovered interval of the cores. First, the theoretical projected surface area was calculated by multiplying the diameter of the core as measured in CPCe by the actual penetration depth of that core interval. Percentage recovery was then determined by dividing the total measured area of each interval by the theoretical projected surface area of that interval. Similarly, the absolute percentage composition of coral taxa was calculated. These data were simplified into five categories: (1) Acropora palmata, (1) Orbicella spp., (3) Pseudodiploria spp., (4) carbonate reef rock and (5) "Other corals", which included any corals not included in the other categories. The names of the species grouped under the "Other corals" category are listed in the Abbreviations section of Core log key.pdf, which can be found in FKRT_Descriptive_Core_Logs.zip. These data were used to generate simplified core logs for each core using RockWare© LogPlot™ 7 software. The symbology of the core logs represents the dominant coral taxon or reef carbonate in an interval. The description of the interval includes any taxa that represented at least 5% of that interval by area. The total percent recovery of each interval is represented by the width of the bars on the right side of the core log and the coloration of those bars represents the percentage contribution of the four categories of core constituents described above. The tops of the core logs also contain descriptive information about the core locations (summarized in FKRT_Core_Data), who collected the cores and when (from Reich and others, 2012), and who compiled the core log (L.T. Toth). Please note that the core logs are generally based on the information that could be gathered from the core boxes. Where core logs from the field were available, USGS staff also incorporated information about the position of likely voids in the cores, but this information was not available for cores collected before 2006. No attempt was made to recreate the detailed core logs for the cores from Sand Key (LK-SK-2, LK-SK-5, LK-SK-6, LK-SK-7) and Carysfort Reefs (UK-CF-1, UK-CF-2, UK-CF-3, UK-CF-4, UK-CF-5) generated by Toscano (1996) because the core boxes did not contain adequate information to cross-reference with the published core logs. Additionally, a core log for core DT-LB-2 was not generated because the recovery of this core was so poor. Also included are calibrated ages and the 95% confidence intervals (CI) of those calibrated ages on the core logs (see Radiometric dating of Holocene reef cores process step). Only ages that were significantly different from adjacent ages in the cores logs were included. Researchers determined whether the differences between any pair of sequential dates with conventional 14C ages or calibrated U-series ages within 500 years (yrs) of one another were significant by calculating the standard error of the difference (SEdiff) and 95% CIs of two ages. If the CIs did not overlap, the ages were considered to be significantly different from one another and were included in the accretion calculations. In instances in which the 95% CI of two sequential dates in a core overlapped (were not significantly different), we omitted the age with a 1? uncertainty >50 yrs or the age that allowed for the most even spread of ages within the core. Process_Date: 2018 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Lauren T. Toth Contact_Organization: Southeast Region Contact_Position: Research Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4Th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8029 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ltoth@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Radiometric dating: Coral samples collected for radiometric dating were cut from the cores using a tile saw at USGS-SPCMSC, which is dedicated to that purpose. The samples were generally sonicated for 15 minutes in a bath of warm, deionized water and dried at 60 degrees Celsius prior to shipping to the laboratories. Radiocarbon ages were generally determined using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at either the Lawrence Livermoore National Laboratory (processed at the USGS Radiocarbon Laboratory in Reston, VA) or the National Ocean Sciences AMS facility at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Some samples were dated using standard radiometric dating at the University of Miami Radiocarbon Laboratory, Beta Analytic, Inc. or Geochron Laboratories. Conventional 14C ages were corrected for fractionation of 13C. The ?13C of those samples was either measured by University of California, Davis Stable Isotope Laboratory or, if not measured, were assumed to be 0±3‰ (Toth and others, 2018). The conventional radiocarbon ages were calibrated in Calib 7.0.2 (http://calib.org/calib/) using the time-varying estimates of the local reservoir age, ?R, for the nearshore and open-ocean environments of the FKRT developed by Toth and others (2017; available at https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7P8492Q/). The full radiocarbon dataset is available in Toth and others (2018). Ages determined by U-series analysis were conducted using either multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry at Xi’an Jiaotong University in China using standard methodologies (see Toth and others, 2018) or by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (see Toscano 1996; Toscano and Lundberg 1998, 1999). Process_Date: 2018 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Lauren T Toth Contact_Organization: Southeast Region Contact_Position: Research Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4Th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8029 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ltoth@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Determining reef thickness: As a measure of the degree of reef development across the subregions of the FKRT, scientists quantified the thickness of the Holocene reef framework using the core records that reached the Pleistocene bedrock. Researchers only included records where they were able to confidently identify the Holocene-Pleistocene boundary on the basis of at least one of the following three criteria: 1) ages from samples on either side of the boundary, 2) the presence of a soilstone (or “caliche”) crust characteristic of the Holocene-Pleistocene boundary in south Florida, or 3) a clear distinction between the Holocene and Pleistocene based on diagenetic alteration to calcite or a shift from coral framework to carbonate grainstones or boundstones. In the 31 cores that met these criteria, the estimated depth of core penetration to the base of the Holocene reef framework was used to quantify reef thickness. In some of the cores, there was a sand layer between Holocene and Pleistocene facies. The thickness of the Holocene reef with and without these sediment layers are both included in the FKRT_Core_Data dataset. "Total Holocene thickness" includes the unconsolidated sediment layer and "Holocene reef thickness" does not include the sediment layer. Process_Date: 2018 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Lauren T. Toth Contact_Organization: Southeast Region Contact_Position: Research Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4Th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8029 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ltoth@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Reef accretion, initiation, and senescence: Rates of vertical reef accretion (referred to throughout as simply “reef accretion”), in meters per thousand years (equivalent to mm/yr), of dated intervals within individual cores were calculated by dividing the length of each interval by the time span of that interval (summarized in FKRT_Temporal_Core_Data). The ages used in the accretion calculation were the median probabilities of the radiocarbon calibrations. Temporal variability in overall FKRT reef accretion during the Holocene was evaluated by averaging reef accretion rates from all cores (±SE) within 500-yr bins from 8500 years before present (BP; where present is 1950) to present. Similarly, USGS researchers quantified spatial variability in temporal changes in reef accretion by calculating average accretion rates for each subregion (±SE) within 500-yr age bins from 7000 BP to present (FKRT_Subregion_Accretion_500yr_Bins). Researchers also calculated the average rates of reef accretion over the lifespan of the reef represented by each core record by dividing the depth of the deepest age in the core by that age. USGS researchers determined the average timing of reef initiation based on ages in the cores that were within 1 m of the Holocene-Pleistocene boundary. A reef was considered to be senescent when the rate of vertical reef accretion was no longer keeping pace with relative sea-level (RSL) rise. Researchers used the modeled rates of SL rise from Khan and other (2017) to approximate the rates of RSL rise through the Holocene and compared those rates to the rates of reef accretion in the cores (summarized in FKRT_Temporal_Core_Data). In most cores, reefs accreted rapidly for some time, but accretion declined significantly in recent millennia. For these cores, the uppermost measured age in the core before the reef began accreting more slowly than sea level was rising (within average uncertainty of the RSL rate reconstruction: ±1 m [2?]) was used to estimate the timing of reef senescence. In four cores accretion rates were never within 1 m of the modeled rate of RSL rise. These cores were excluded from the analysis of the timing of reef senescence. USGS researchers also did not determine the timing of reef senescene for cores that only started accreting on pace with the rate of RSL rise during the late Holocene (after 4200 years ago) because these records represented a separate, more recent period of reef growth. In cases where accretion rates measured in a core never fell below 1 meter per thousand years (m/ky), the age of the top surface of the core was used to estimate the timing of reef senescence. These samples were always from the first barrel (upper 5 ft, 1.5 m) of the core, and were generally within 0.5 m below the reef surface. Process_Date: 2018 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Lauren T. Toth Contact_Organization: Southeast Region Contact_Position: Research Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4Th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8029 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ltoth@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Criteria for excluding data from accretion analysis: To ensure that all the cores included Toth and others' (2018) study were from a similar environmental setting, USGS researchers used the model of Holocene sea-level variability developed by Khan and others (2017) to reconstruct the paleodepths of all dated intervals in the cores (summarized in FKRT_Temporal_Core_Data). Researchers excluded any intervals within the cores that were deposited in depths significantly >10 m (based on 95% confidence intervals of estimated paleodepths). We also excluded core records from the USGS coral archive that were taken from non-reef-building habitats (for example, reef grooves). Accretion rates can be artificially inflated when sequential dates within a core are similar enough that the entire layer could have been deposited simultaneously. To avoid this potential complication, USGS researchers determined whether the differences between any pair of sequential dates with conventional 14C ages or calibrated U-series ages within 500-yrs of one another were significant by calculating the standard error of the difference (SEdiff) and 95% CIs of two ages. If the CIs did not overlap, the ages were considered to be significantly different from one another and were included in the accretion calculations. In instances in which the 95% CI of two sequential dates in a core overlapped (were not significantly different), researchers omitted the age with a 1? uncertainty >50 yrs or the age that allowed for the most even spread of ages within the core. Process_Date: 2018 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Lauren T Toth Contact_Organization: Southeast Region Contact_Position: Research Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4Th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8029 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ltoth@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The locations for cores collected prior to the mid 1990s are estimates. For the remaining cores, the NAD83 latitude/longitude coordinates were collected using a Garmin GPSMAP 78SC handheld Global Positioning System (GPS) and written into field notebooks. All of the high-resolution coral core photographs included in FKRT_Core_Photographs.zip were taken at the USGS SPCMSC, using a Canon EOS Rebel camera. EXchangeable Image File format (EXIF) headers were initially populated by the camera’s imaging software but were subsequently updated by USGS staff to include additional core-related details. A Python version 2.7.3 script (UpdatePhotoEXIFv3.py) was run to incorporate location information and auxiliary details into the appropriate locations in the EXIF header of each full-resolution JPEG image. The Python script used ExifTool (version 10.25) to write the information to the image headers. The following tags were populated in the JPEG image headers. Information is duplicated in some tags. This was done because different software packages access different tags. GPS tags: The values populated are unique for each image and based on the information exported from the handheld GPS or estimated location. >GPSLatitudeRef >GPSLatitude >GPSLongitudeRef >GPSLongitude >GPSTimeStamp >GSPDateStamp > JPEG tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image taken with a particular camera. The following information is based on the Canon EOS Rebel camera. > comment: Photo of cores collected from the Florida Keys Reef Tract (FKRT) to investigate Holocene coral-reef development. These data are associated with field activity number 2018-301-DD (https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2018-301-DD). Published as USGS data release DOI:10.5066/F7NV9HJX. > EXIF tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image. > ImageDescription: Photograph of coral core collected from the Florida Keys Reef Tract, Florida. >Artist: Lauren Toth >Copyright: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey > IPTC tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image. >Credit: U.S. Geological Survey >Contact: gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov >Keywords: Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida Keys Reef Tract (FKRT), Florida, Florida Keys, coral, coral reef, Holocene, reef accretion, paleoecology, paleoenvironmental reconstruction, 2018-301-DD, USGS >CopyrightNotice: Public Domain - please credit U.S. Geological Survey >Caption-Abstract: Photograph of coral core collected from the Florida Keys Reef Tract, Florida. > XMP tags: The tag is listed along with the information used to populate it - which is the same for every image. >Caption: Photograph of coral core collected from the Florida Keys Reef Tract, Florida. > To extract the information from the image headers using ExifTool, the following command can be used (tested with ExifTool version 10.25): > exiftool.exe -csv -f -filename -GPSTimeStamp -GPSLongitude -GPSLatitude -n -Artist -Credit -comment -keywords -Caption -Copyright -CopyrightNotice -Caption-Abstract -ImageDescription photos/*.jpg > out.csv > The -csv flag writes the information out in a comma-delimited format. The -n option formats the latitude and longitude as signed decimal degrees. Process_Date: 20180220 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Arnell S. Forde Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Geology Science Center Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: Saint Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: aforde@usgs.gov Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.0198058979 Longitude_Resolution: 0.0217141803 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Depth_System_Definition: Depth_Datum_Name: Mean sea level Depth_Resolution: 0.1 Depth_Distance_Units: meters Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: FKRT_Radiometric_Ages Entity_Type_Definition: Radiometric (radiocarbon or U-series) ages of samples taken from Holocene reef cores collected between 1976 and 2017 along the Florida Keys Reef Tract. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Lauren T. Toth (USGS-SPCMSC) Attribute: Attribute_Label: Core ID Attribute_Definition: Unique identifier for each core included in this study. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Core IDs are generated using abbreviated information about the subregion, site, and core number and are formatted as: Subregion abbreviation-Site abbreviation-Core number. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Sample ID Attribute_Definition: Unique identifier for each coral sample dated in this study. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sample IDs are generated by abbreviating information about the subregion, site, core, and approximate depth from which each sample was collected in the core and are formatted as: Subregion abbreviation-Site abbreviation-Core number-Depth of coral in core. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Secondary Sample ID(s) Attribute_Definition: Sample IDs used in previous studies. Included so that researchers can cross-reference this database with previous publications and/or datasets. Left blank if the core was never referred to by a different name in any previous publications. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: A unique sample identifier conceived by the researcher(s) who collected the data. Generally, includes information related to the site/core name, depth of the sample, etc. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude Attribute_Definition: The approximate latitude, in NAD83 coordinates, where the core was collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 24.4348 Range_Domain_Maximum: 25.5906 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude Attribute_Definition: The approximate longitude, in NAD83 coordinates, where the core was collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -83.04861 Range_Domain_Maximum: -80.0967 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Subregion Attribute_Definition: The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract where the core containing the sample was collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Dry Tortugas N.P. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The westernmost subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located within the boundaries of Dry Tortugas National Park (N.P.). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: National Park Service Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Marquesas Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between Dry Tortugas National Park and the Lower Keys. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Lower Keys Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between the Marquesas and the Middle Keys. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Middle Keys Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between the Lower Keys and the Upper Keys. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Upper Keys Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between the Middle Keys and Biscayne National Park. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Biscayne N.P. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The northernmost subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located within the boundaries of Biscayne National Park (N.P.). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: National Park Service Attribute: Attribute_Label: Site Attribute_Definition: The name of the reef or site where a core was collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: The name given to the site by the researcher collecting the cores or the name of the reef where the cores were collected. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Dating method Attribute_Definition: Describes the type of radiometric dating used to determine the age of the sample. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: AMS Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Indicates that the sample was radiocarbon dated using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Standard Radiometric 14C Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Indicates that the sample was radiocarbon (14C) dated using standard (bulk) methodologies (for example, not AMS). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: U-series Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Indicates that the sample was dated using U-series methodologies (either by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry or thermal ionization mass spectrometry). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: USGS Lab ID Attribute_Definition: A unique sample ID ("WW" number) assigned by the USGS Radiocarbon laboratory, where some of the samples were processed prior to analysis. This column is left blank for samples not processed in the USGS Radiocarbon Laboratory. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: WW-5625 Range_Domain_Maximum: WW-11025 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Sample number Attribute: Attribute_Label: Radiocarbon Lab ID Attribute_Definition: A unique sample ID assigned by the laboratory that conducted the radiocarbon analysis. Samples analyzed by the Center for AMS (CAMS) at the Lawrence Livermoore National Laboratory have a prefix of "CAMS". Samples analyzed by the National Ocean Sciences AMS laboratory at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution have a prefix of "OS". Samples analyzed by Beta Analytic, Inc. have a prefix of "Beta". Samples analyzed by the University of Miami (UM) Radiocarbon Laboratory have a prefix of "UM". In some cases, the laboratory IDs were not available, but the name of the laboratory that conducted the analysis was listed, if known. The laboratory that analyzed U-series ages is also listed, when known. If no information was available about where the samples were analyzed this field was left blank. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Laboratory identifiers unique to each individual radiocarbon laboratory. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Measured 14C age Attribute_Definition: This attribute is only included for radiocarbon ages measured by standard radiometric radiocarbon dating, where measured, rather than corrected, conventional 14C were reported by the laboratory. These values have not been corrected for the isotopic fractionation of 12C and 13C. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 290 Range_Domain_Maximum: 7165 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years Attribute: Attribute_Label: Measured 14C age error (1-sigma) Attribute_Definition: The one standard deviation (1-sigma) laboratory error on the measured radiocarbon (14C) age. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 60 Range_Domain_Maximum: 224 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years Attribute: Attribute_Label: Measured delta-13C Attribute_Definition: The measured ?13C of the sample, used to correct for isotopic fractionation of 12C and 13C. When the measured value was unknown or unmeasured, this attribute is left blank. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -3.61 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.61 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: parts per thousand (‰) Attribute: Attribute_Label: Conventional 14C age Attribute_Definition: The conventional 14C age is the measured 14C age corrected for the isotopic fractionation using either the measured ?13C value or an assumed value of 0±3‰. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 380 Range_Domain_Maximum: >55600 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years Attribute: Attribute_Label: 14C age error (1-sigma) Attribute_Definition: The one-standard deviation (1-sigma) uncertainty on the conventional radiocarbon (14C) age. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 15 Range_Domain_Maximum: 3700 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years Attribute: Attribute_Label: Delta-R Attribute_Definition: Marine radiocarbon reservoir age correction, ?R (Delta-R) values (in years), based on the conventional radiocarbon age of the sample. The values are based on the time-varying models of ?R for the nearshore and open ocean regions of south Florida developed by Toth and others, 2017 (https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7P8492Q/). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -110.583798 Range_Domain_Maximum: 11.525388 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years Attribute: Attribute_Label: Delta-R error (1-sigma) Attribute_Definition: The one-standard deviation (1-sigma) uncertainty in the marine radiocarbon reservoir age correction, ?R (Delta-R) values (in years), based on the conventional radiocarbon age of the sample. The values are based on the time-varying models of ?R for the nearshore and open ocean regions of south Florida developed by Toth and others, 2017 (https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7P8492Q/). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 17.105691 Range_Domain_Maximum: 41.186146 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years Attribute: Attribute_Label: Calibrated age BP Attribute_Definition: The calibrated radiocarbon or U-series age in years before present (where "present" is 1950). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 (Modern) Range_Domain_Maximum: 10491 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years before 1950 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Calibrated age BP error (2-sigma, younger) Attribute_Definition: The minimum (youngest age) of the two-standard deviation (2-sigma) uncertainty (95% confidence interval) of the calibrated age. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 152 Range_Domain_Maximum: 10804 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years before 1950 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Calibrated age BP error (2-sigma, older) Attribute_Definition: The maximum (oldest age) of the two-standard deviation (2-sigma) uncertainty (95% confidence interval) of the calibrated age. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 10221 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years before 1950 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Depth in core (m) Attribute_Definition: Approximated depth in the core (measured from the top of the core) of where the sample was collected, in meters (m). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 16.8 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Water depth MSL (m) Attribute_Definition: The depth, in meters, of the sample relative to mean sea level (MSL), calculated by subtracting the depth of the sample in the core from the depth of the reef surface where the core was collected. Note that positive values can occur if the cores were collected subaerially. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -31.2 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.2 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters (relative to mean sea level) Attribute: Attribute_Label: Coral taxon dated Attribute_Definition: The taxa of the dated coral sample. Corals were generally identified to the species level, but some taxa could only be identified to the genus level. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Orbicella spp. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The sample was collected from an Orbicella spp. coral skeleton. Includes corals belonging to the genus Orbicella (O. faveolata, O. fanksii, and O. annularis). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: http://www.coralsoftheworld.org/page/home/ Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Colpophyllia natans Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The sample was collected from a Colpophyllia natans coral skeleton. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: http://www.coralsoftheworld.org/page/home/ Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Pseudodiploria strigosa Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The sample was collected from a Pseudodiploria strigosa coral skeleton. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: http://www.coralsoftheworld.org/page/home/ Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Diploria labrynthiformis Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The sample was collected from a Diploria labrynthiformis coral skeleton. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: http://www.coralsoftheworld.org/page/home/ Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Pseudodiploria clivosa Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The sample was collected from a Pseudodiploria clivosa coral skeleton. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: http://www.coralsoftheworld.org/page/home/ Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Acropora cervicornis Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The sample was collected from an Acropora cervicornis coral skeleton. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: http://www.coralsoftheworld.org/page/home/ Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Acropora palmata Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The sample was collected from an Acropora palmata coral skeleton. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: http://www.coralsoftheworld.org/page/home/ Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: unknown Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The coral taxa are unknown or could not be identified Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Siderastrea siderea Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The sample was collected from a Siderastrea siderea coral skeleton. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: http://www.coralsoftheworld.org/page/home/ Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Stephanocoenia intercepta Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The sample was collected from a Stephanocoenia intercepta coral skeleton. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: http://www.coralsoftheworld.org/page/home/ Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Montastraea cavernosa Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The sample was collected from a Montastraea cavernosa coral skeleton. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: http://www.coralsoftheworld.org/page/home/ Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Porites astreoides Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The sample was collected from a Porites astreoides coral skeleton. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: http://www.coralsoftheworld.org/page/home/ Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Dichocoenia stokesii Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The sample was collected from a Dichocoenia stokesii coral skeleton. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: http://www.coralsoftheworld.org/page/home/ Attribute: Attribute_Label: Included in reef accretion reconstruction (Y/N) Attribute_Definition: Indicates whether the age was included in the reef accretion reconstruction published in Toth and others, 2018. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Y Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Y=Yes the age was included in the reef accretion reconstruction of Toth and others, 2018 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: N Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: N=No the age was not included in the reef accretion reconstruction of Toth and others, 2018 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Reason for exclusion Attribute_Definition: If the previous attribute contains a "N", this attribute explains why the data were not included in the reef accretion reconstruction. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Description of the rationale for excluding data from Toth and others' (2018) reef accretion reconstruction. More details about these rationale for exclusion are provided in Toth and others' (2018) methods section. Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: FKRT_Core_Data Entity_Type_Definition: General descriptive data (such as core locations, reef thickness, average accretion rates, etc.) on Holocene reef cores collected between 1976 and 2017 from the Florida Keys reef tract. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Lauren T. Toth (USGS-SPCMSC) Attribute: Attribute_Label: Core ID Attribute_Definition: Unique identifier for each core included in this study. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Core IDs are generated using abbreviated information about the subregion, site, and core number and are formatted as: Subregion abbreviation-Site abbreviation-Core number. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Secondary Core ID Attribute_Definition: Previously published IDs or names of the cores. Included so that researchers can cross-reference this database with previous publications and/or datasets. Left blank if the core was never referred to by a different name in any previous publications. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: The names cores were given in previous publications. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude Attribute_Definition: The approximate latitude, in NAD83 coordinates, where the core was collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 24.4348 Range_Domain_Maximum: 25.5906 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude Attribute_Definition: The approximate longitude, in NAD83 coordinates, where the core was collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -83.04861 Range_Domain_Maximum: -80.0967 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Subregion Attribute_Definition: The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract where the core containing the sample was collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Dry Tortugas N.P. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The westernmost subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located within the boundaries of Dry Tortugas National Park (N.P.). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: National Park Service Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Marquesas Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between Dry Tortugas National Park and the Lower Keys. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Lower Keys Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between the Marquesas and the Middle Keys. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Middle Keys Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between Lower Keys and the Upper Keys. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Upper Keys Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between Middle Keys and Biscayne National Park. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Biscayne N.P. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The northernmost subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located within the boundaries of Biscayne National Park (N.P.). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: National Park Service Attribute: Attribute_Label: Site Name Attribute_Definition: The name of the reef or site where a core was collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: The name given to the site by the researcher collecting the cores or the name of the reef where the cores were collected. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Year core collected Attribute_Definition: The date (year) when the core was collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1976 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2017 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: year Attribute: Attribute_Label: Water depth MSL (m) Attribute_Definition: The estimated water depth (in meters relative to mean sea level [m MSL]) where the core was collected. Note that positive values indicate that cores were collected subaerially. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -24.1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.5 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters below mean sea level (m MSL) Attribute: Attribute_Label: Total core length (m) Attribute_Definition: The total length (penetration depth) of the core, in meters (m). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.5 Range_Domain_Maximum: 19.1 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Total Holocene thickness (m) Attribute_Definition: The total thickness of the Holocene layer in the reef (from the top of the core to the Pleistocene surface), including unconsolidated sediment intervals at the base of reef framework. Where total Holocene thickness could not be reliably estimated, this column is left blank. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.5 Range_Domain_Maximum: 16.8 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters (m) Attribute: Attribute_Label: Holocene reef thickness (m) Attribute_Definition: The thickness of the Holocene reef framework (from the top of the core to the base of the framework), excluding unconsolidated sediments intervals at the base of reef framework. Where reef thickness could not be reliably estimated, this column is left blank. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.5 Range_Domain_Maximum: 16.8 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters (m) Attribute: Attribute_Label: Average accretion rate (m/ky) Attribute_Definition: Average reef accretion rate over the lifespan of the reef in meters per thousand years (m/ky). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.37 Range_Domain_Maximum: 13.22 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters per thousand years (m/ky) Attribute: Attribute_Label: Age of initiation (years BP) Attribute_Definition: Approximate age (in years before present [BP], where present is 1950) when the reef initiated growth based on dated samples at the base of the Holocene reef framework. This field is left blank for cores that did not reach the Pleistocene bedrock or cores where a bottom date for the core could not be or was not obtained. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 5384 Range_Domain_Maximum: 10341 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years before 1950 (BP) Attribute: Attribute_Label: Age of senescence (years BP) Attribute_Definition: Approximate age (in years before present [BP], where present is 1950) when the reef stopped accreting at a rate within 1 m of the rate of sea-level rise. This field is left blank for cores that never accreted on pace with the rate of sea-level rise or for cores representing reefs that only initiated during the late Holocene (4200 years ago to present). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1103 Range_Domain_Maximum: 9446 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years before 1950 (BP) Attribute: Attribute_Label: References of previous core descriptions Attribute_Definition: Citations for publications that have described the core previously. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Abbreviated citations (lead author(s) last name and year of publication) for publications that have described the core previously. See cross-references for full citations. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Included in reef accretion reconstruction (Y/N) Attribute_Definition: Indicates whether the age was included in the reef accretion reconstruction published in Toth and others, 2018. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Y Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Y=Yes the age was included in the reef accretion reconstruction of Toth and others, 2018. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: N Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: N=No the age was not included in the reef accretion reconstruction of Toth and others, 2018 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Reason for exclusion Attribute_Definition: If the previous attribute contains a "N", this attribute explains why the data were not included in the reef accretion reconstruction. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Description of the rationale for excluding data from Toth and others' (2018) reef accretion reconstruction. More details about these rationale for exclusion are provided in Toth and others' (2018). Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: FKRT_Temporal_Core_Data Entity_Type_Definition: Data on the reconstructed relative sea level, paleodepths, accretion rates, and rates of relative sea level change for dated intervals within Holocene reef cores from the Florida Keys reef tract (FKRT). Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Core ID Attribute_Definition: Unique identifier for each coral sample dated in this study. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Core IDs are generated using abbreviated information about the subregion, site, and core number and are formatted as: Subregion abbreviation-Site abbreviation-Core number. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Subregion Attribute_Definition: The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract where the core containing the sample was collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Dry Tortugas N.P. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The westernmost subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located within the boundaries of Dry Tortugas National Park (N.P.). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: National Park Service Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Marquesas Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between Dry Tortugas National Park and the Lower Keys. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Lower Keys Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between the Marquesas and the Middle Keys. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Middle Keys Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between the Lower Keys and the Upper Keys. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Upper Keys Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between the Middle Keys and Biscayne National Park. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Biscayne N.P. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The northernmost subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located within the boundaries of Biscayne National Park (N.P.). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: National Park Service Attribute: Attribute_Label: Latitude Attribute_Definition: The approximate latitude, in NAD83 coordinates, where the core was collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 24.451667 Range_Domain_Maximum: 25.5906 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Longitude Attribute_Definition: The approximate longitude, in NAD83 coordinates, where the core was collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -83.04861 Range_Domain_Maximum: -80.0967 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Decimal degrees Attribute: Attribute_Label: Starting age (yrs BP) Attribute_Definition: The age at the base (start) of the interval in the core in years before 1950 (yrs BP). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 188 Range_Domain_Maximum: 10341 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years before 1950 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Ending age (yrs BP) Attribute_Definition: The age at the top (end) of the interval in the core in years before 1950 (yrs BP). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 10143 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years before 1950 Attribute: Attribute_Label: RSL (m MSL) Attribute_Definition: Relative sea level (RSL) at the starting age of the interval, in meters relative to mean sea level (m MSL), based on the Holocene sea-level reconstruction from south Florida developed by Khan and others (2017). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -23.4 Range_Domain_Maximum: -0.3 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters relative to mean sea level Attribute: Attribute_Label: Paleodepth (m bMSL) Attribute_Definition: The estimated paleodepth at the starting age of the interval, in meters below mean sea level (m bMSL). This value was calculated by adding the relative sea level to depth of the sample in the core relative to modern mean sea level (Depth bMSL (m) in the FKRT_Radiometric_Ages dataset). We note that as a result of uncertainties in both the model of relative sea level and the estimates of depths in the cores, the paleodepth estimates for 28 intervals in the cores are above MSL; however, the paleodepths were only significantly different from MSL (i.e., the 95% CI did not overlap with zero) in nine cases. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: -3.5 Range_Domain_Maximum: 23.8 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: depth below mean sea level in meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: RSL and Paleodepth uncertainty (1-sigma) Attribute_Definition: The one standard deviation (1-sigma) uncertainty associated with the relative sea level reconstruction and the estimates of paleodepth. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.8 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.3 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Accretion rate (m/ky) Attribute_Definition: The rate of reef accretion for the interval in meters per thousand years (m/ky). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 23.1 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters per thousand years Attribute: Attribute_Label: Rate of RSL change (m/ky) Attribute_Definition: The rate of relative sea level change at the midpoint (average age) of the interval, in meters per thousand years (m/ky), derived from the Holocene relative sea-level reconstruction for south Florida developed by Khan and others (2017). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 8.4 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters per thousand years Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: FKRT_Accretion_500yr_Bins Entity_Type_Definition: Average reef accretion and uncertainties and estimates of theoretic reef accumulation (theoretical reef thickness) and uncertainties for the entire Florida Keys Reef tract and for each subregion at 500-yr intervals. This dataset does not include data from the Marquesas subregion. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Subregion Attribute_Definition: The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract where the core containing the sample was collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: FKRT_All Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Summary of data collected throughout the FKRT from Dry Tortugas N.P. in the southwest to Biscayne N.P. in the northeast. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Dry Tortugas N.P. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The westernmost subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located within the boundaries of Dry Tortugas National Park (N.P.). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: National Park Service Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Lower Keys Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between the Marquesas and the Middle Keys. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Middle Keys Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between the Lower Keys and the Upper Keys. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Upper Keys Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between the Middle Keys and Biscayne National Park. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Biscayne N.P. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The northernmost subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located within the boundaries of Biscayne National Park (N.P.). Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: National Park Service Attribute: Attribute_Label: Median age (yrs BP) Attribute_Definition: The median age in years before 1950 (yrs BP) of the 500-yr interval over which average accretion was calculated (for example, the interval from 500 to 0 years before present is 250). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 250 Range_Domain_Maximum: 8250 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: years before 1950 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Average accretion rate (m/ky) Attribute_Definition: The average accretion rate in meters per thousand years (m/ky) for the location over a 500-yr interval. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.016905435 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.14098792 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters per thousand years Attribute: Attribute_Label: Accretion rate SD Attribute_Definition: The one standard deviation (SD) uncertainty of the average accretion rate for the 500-yr interval. No value for Biscayne N.P. for the interval 7000-6500 years before present because there was only one data point during this interval, so SD could not be calculated. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.000760181 Range_Domain_Maximum: 14.22071171 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters per thousand years Attribute: Attribute_Label: N Accretion rate Attribute_Definition: The number of data points (N; sample size) within the 500-yr interval. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 57 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: count (sample size) Attribute: Attribute_Label: Accretion rate SE Attribute_Definition: The one standard error (SE) uncertainty of the average accretion rate for the 500-yr interval. No value for Biscayne N.P. for the interval 7000-6500 years before present because there was only one data point during this interval, so SE could not be calculated. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.009747955 Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.219509294 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters per thousand years Attribute: Attribute_Label: Theoretical reef accumulation (m) Attribute_Definition: The estimated theoretical thickness of reef framework that would have accumulated over the 500-yr interval in meters. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.008452718 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.07049396 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Theoretical accumulation SE Attribute_Definition: The one standard error (SE) uncertainty of the estimated theoretical thickness of reef framework that would have accumulated over the 500-yr interval in meters. No value for Biscayne N.P. for the interval 7000-6500 years before present because there was only one data point during this interval, so SE could not be calculated. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.004873977 Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.612913685 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Lauren T. Toth Contact_Organization: Southeast Region Contact_Position: Research Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4Th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8029 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ltoth@usgs.gov Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: CSV (Comma Separated Values) Format_Version_Number: None Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7NV9HJX/data/FKRT_Radiometric_Ages.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7NV9HJX/data/FKRT_Core_Data.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7NV9HJX/data/FKRT_Accretion_500yr_Bins.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7NV9HJX/data/FKRT_Temporal_Core_Data.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7NV9HJX/data/FKRT_Core_Photographs.zip Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7NV9HJX/data/FKRT_Descriptive_Core_Logs.zip Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: None Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20190710 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Lauren T. Toth Contact_Organization: Southeast Region Contact_Position: Research Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8029 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ltoth@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998