Eugene A. Shinn
Ilsa B. Kuffner
20171206
Florida Keys Corals: A Photographic Record of Changes from 1959 to 2015
raster digital data
U.S. Geological Survey Data Release
doi:10.5066/F7S46QWR
St. Petersburg, FL
U.S. Geological Survey
https://doi.org/10.5066/F7S46QWR
Lidz, B.H.
Reich, C.D.
Peterson, R.L.
Shinn, E.A.
2006
New maps, new information: Coral reefs of the Florida Keys
Publication (Other)
St. Petersburg, FL
Journal of Coastal Research
https://doi.org/10.2112/05A-0023.1
This data release contains time-series photographs taken of corals and coral habitats in the Florida Keys between 1959 and 2015 at Carysfort Reef and Grecian Rocks (a total of six sites). The original intent was to show coral reef recovery after Hurricane Donna devastated the area in 1960. Corals, especially elkhorn and staghorn coral, grew prolifically after the storm until the late 1970s, then began to decline, with the maximum period of decline centered around 1983 and 1984. These time-series photographs, showing the same individual coral colonies year after year, document the decline in coral health observed at these locations, mirroring patterns seen region-wide across the western Atlantic. A selection of the photographs was previously published (in low resolution) in Lidz and others (2006), wherein findings and conclusions related to these data were discussed.
Lidz, B. H., Reich, C. D., Peterson, R. L., and Shinn, E. A. (2006). New maps, new information: Coral reefs of the Florida Keys. Journal of Coastal Research, 22(2), 260-282, https://doi.org/10.2112/05A-0023.1
The original purpose of taking these photographs was to show coral reef recovery after Hurricane Donna devastated the area in 1960. Corals, especially elkhorn and staghorn coral, grew prolifically after the storm until the late 1970s, then began to decline, with the maximum period of decline centered around 1983 and 1984. Thus, these time-series photographs, showing the same individual coral colonies year after year, document the decline in coral health observed at these locations, mirroring patterns seen region-wide across the western Atlantic.
ExifTool (version 4.0) was used to add the following to the header of each photograph: time of collection, GPS latitude, GPS longitude, keywords, credit, artist (photographer), caption, copyright, and contact information.
1959
2015
ground condition
None planned
-80.30626944
-80.21159167
25.22205833
25.09450278
USGS Thesaurus
aquatic biology
marine geology
coelenterates
ISO 19115 Topic Category
environment
geoscientificInformation
oceans
None
coral reef
coral
Orbicella faveolata
Acropora cervicornis
Acropora palmata
Geographic Names Information System
United States
Florida Keys
Florida
Monroe County
Atlantic Ocean
Key Largo
Global Change Master Science Directory
seafloor
None
Modern
None
None
Ilsa B. Kuffner
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
mailing and physical
600 4th Street South
Saint Petersburg
FL
33701
U.S.A.
727-502-8000
ikuffner@usgs.gov
Acknowledgment of Eugene A. Shinn and the U.S. Geological Survey as data sources would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices for data source is expected.
Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.3.1 (Build 4959) Service Pack N/A (Build N/A)
No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted.
No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted.
Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.
No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted.
No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted.
The coral-reef field sites were visited opportunistically by the first author (E.A. Shinn) and photographs were taken underwater at depths of approximately 1 to 3 meters using various underwater cameras reflecting the technology available at the time. Film photographs were developed into Kodak Kodachrome slides.
2015
Eugene A. Shinn
University of South Florida, College of Marine Science
mailing and physical
140 Seventh Avenue South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
USA
727-553-1158
eugeneshinn@mail.usf.edu
Kodak Kodachrome slides were later digitally scanned on a Nikon Super Coolscan 5000 ED at 4,000 dots per inch (dpi) resolution (114.25 pixels per millimeter). A slide is 1.375” (35 mm) by .891” (23 mm). The digital scans and digital photographs taken in-situ were subsequently color corrected using Adobe Photoshop CC version 17.0.1 (http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop.html) and Macphun Luminar Neptune (https://macphun.com/luminar) to adjust for the truncated underwater light regime and enhance contrast and brightness. The in-situ digital images of the reef sites are included in the data release download file, FL_corals-photo-record.zip.
20170925
Betsy Boynton
Cherokee Nation Technologies contracted to U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
United States
727-502-8118
bboynton@usgs.gov
EXIF headers: Exchangeable Image File (EXIF) and International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC) headers were populated from the command prompt using ExifTool (http://www.sno.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool, 2012) as part of the post-survey processing using a Perl script written by Karen Morgan, USGS, St. Petersburg, FL. ExifTool added the following data to the EXIF header: time of collection, GPS latitude, GPS longitude, keywords, credit, artist (photographer), caption, copyright, and contact information.
20161025
Betsy Boynton
Cherokee Nation Technologies contracted to U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
United States
727-502-8118
bboynton@usgs.gov
FL_corals-photo-record.zip
This file contains photographic images in tagged image file format (TIFF) of the seafloor collected with underwater cameras at six sites located in two focal areas, Carysfort Reef and Grecian Rocks, approximately 10 miles off of the coast of Key Largo, Florida. The file names include the name of the site, the name of the reef area, and the calendar year when the photograph was taken.
USGS
The entity and attribute information provided here describes the photographic images associated with the dataset. Please review the description and lineage sections of this metadata record for detailed information on the content of these images.
The entity and attribute information was generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.
Ilsa B. Kuffner
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical
600 4th Street South
Saint Petersburg
FL
33701
U.S.A.
727-502-8000
ikuffner@usgs.gov
This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
TIFF
none
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7S46QWR/data/FL_corals-photo-record.zip
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research.
None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the dataset.
20171206
Ilsa B. Kuffner
U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Geology Science Center
Research Marine Biologist
mailing and physical
600 4th Street South
Saint Petersburg
Florida
33701
U.S.A.
727-502-8048
ikuffner@usgs.gov
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998