Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 20170616 Title: Lidar_MHW_Shorelines_1998_2014.shp - Mean High Water (MHW) Shorelines Extracted from Lidar Data for Dauphin Island, Alabama from 1998 to 2014. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F7T43RB5 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7T43RB5 Description: Abstract: This shapefile consists of Dauphin Island, AL shorelines extracted from lidar data collected from November 1998 to January 2014. This dataset contains 14 Mean High Water (MHW) shorelines separated into 37 shoreline segments alongshore Dauphin Island, AL. The individual sections are divided according to location along the island and shoreline type: open ocean, back-barrier, marsh shoreline. Raw lidar point data was converted to a gridded surface, from which a contour of the operational MHW shoreline (0.24 m North American Vertical Datum of 1988 [NAVD 88]; Weber and others, 2005) was identified and extracted. This produced a continuous MHW shoreline for each of the lidar datasets from 1998 – 2014. Shorelines for all 14 dates were compiled into a database for use with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS; Thieler and others, 2009) to quantify rates of shoreline change over the 1998-2014 time period. The migration of shorelines through time is presented as the linear regression rate (LRR) in the associated transect files (https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/provisional/ip086178/). Purpose: To document the position of the Dauphin Island, AL shoreline, from November 1998 to January 2014 as observed from lidar datasets that were acquired by various agencies (USGS, National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NASA], U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [USACE]) using several lidar platforms (for example Airborne Topographic Mapper - ATM, Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar - EAARL). Shorelines derived from these lidar data provide information about the position of the island through time and are used to quantify the rate of change during this time period. These data will aid in developing an understanding of the evolution of the barrier island position, size and shape as well as documenting spatially-variable patterns in erosion and accretion of different sections of the island. Supplemental_Information: Cross-referenced citations are applicable to the dataset as a whole. Additional citations are located within individual process steps that pertain specifically to the method described in that step. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19981102 Ending_Date: 20140121 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.341683558 East_Bounding_Coordinate: 88.07384796 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.281611631 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.216924258 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: Elevation Theme_Keyword: Boundaries Theme_Keyword: GeoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: Oceans Theme_Keyword: Environment Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: Coastal Processes Theme_Keyword: geomorphology Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Theme_Keyword: marine geology Theme_Keyword: unconsolidated deposits Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Vectorization Theme_Keyword: Shoreline data Theme_Keyword: Shoreline Theme_Keyword: Mean High Water Theme_Keyword: Lidar Theme_Keyword: Coastal Theme_Keyword: Shoreline map Theme_Keyword: SPCMSC Theme_Keyword: St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Alabama Place_Keyword: Dauphin Island Place_Keyword: Gulf of Mexico Place_Keyword: USA Place_Keyword: AL Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727)-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rehenderson@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices. Sharing of new data layers developed directly from these data would also be appreciated by the U.S. Geological Survey staff. Users should be aware that comparisons with other datasets for the same area from other time periods may be inaccurate due to inconsistencies resulting from changes in photointerpretation, mapping conventions, and digital processes over time. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.0.4.4000 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Cheryl J. Hapke Originator: Emily A. Himmelstoss Originator: Meredith G. Kratzmann Originator: Jeffrey List Originator: E. Robert Thieler Publication_Date: 20100101 Title: National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Historical Shoreline Change along the New England and Mid-Atlantic Coasts Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2010-1118 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1118/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: K.M. Weber Originator: J.H. List Originator: K.L.M. Morgan Publication_Date: 20050101 Title: An Operational Mean High Water Datum for Determination of Shoreline Position from Topographic Lidar Data Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2005-1027 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1027/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: M. Harris Originator: J. Brock Originator: A. Nayegandhi Originator: M. Duffy Publication_Date: 2005 Title: Extracting Shorelines from NASA Airborne Topographic Lidar-Derived Digital Elevation Models Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File report Issue_Identification: 2005-1427 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Other_Citation_Details: none. Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1427/ofr-2005-1427.pdf Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: R. A. Morton Originator: T.L. Miller Publication_Date: 2005 Title: National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Part 2: Historical Shoreline Changes and Associated Coastal Land Loss along the U.S. Southeast Atlantic Coast Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2005-1401 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Other_Citation_Details: none Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1401/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: C.J. Hapke Originator: D. Reid Originator: B.M. Richmond Originator: P. Ruggiero Originator: J. List Publication_Date: 2006 Title: National Assessment of Shoreline Change: Part 3: Historical Shoreline Changes and Associated Coastal Land Loss along the Sandy Shorelines of the California Coast Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2006-1219 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Other_Citation_Details: none Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1219/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Thompson D. M. Originator: Dalyander, P.S Originator: Long, J.W. Originator: Plant, N.G. Publication_Date: 20170407 Title: Correction of elevation offsets in multiple co-located lidar datasets Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2017-1031 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171031 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: E.R. Thieler Originator: E.A. Himmelstoss Originator: J.L. Zichichi Originator: A. Ergul Publication_Date: 2009 Title: Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.0 - An ArcGIS extension for calculating shoreline change Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2008-1278 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Other_Citation_Details: Although the current citation is for v. 4.0, at the time of use the version number was 4.3. Online_Linkage: https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20081278 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The data provided here are a compilation of shorelines from lidar data from 1998 to 2014. The attributes are based on the requirements of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software and have gone through a series of quality assurance procedures. Logical_Consistency_Report: Adjacent shoreline segments do not overlap and are not necessarily continuous. Shorelines were quality checked for accuracy. Completeness_Report: This shoreline file is complete and contains all shoreline segments used to calculate shoreline change rates along Dauphin Island, Alabama. These data adequately represented the shoreline position at the time of the survey. Remaining gaps in these data, if applicable, are a consequence of non-existing data or existing data that did not meet quality assurance standards. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: In order to determine the uncertainties associated with individual shorelines, a methodology following Morton and Miller (2005) and Hapke and others, (2006) was used to estimate a positional uncertainty value for each shoreline. Total shoreline positional uncertainty is a function of the errors inherent in the source data (horizontal and vertical accuracy of the raw lidar data) the conversion of point data to a 3D surface (grid error) and those errors generated in the extraction of the vector shoreline (interpolation uncertainty). Four terms were identified to describe the uncertainty of the resulting lidar shoreline position. The first is the direct horizontal uncertainty from published lidar data. Following the methods described by Hapke and others (2010) the second term is derived from the vertical uncertainty from published lidar data, which is then converted to a horizontal uncertainty based on an averages slope around MHW for each lidar dataset, determined by pulling the slope data from the lidar data at the intersection of MHW and the existing alongshore DSAS transects. The third term is calculated as the “grid error” term. This is a measure of how well the surface (created from 90% of the raw data) captures the actual elevation of the remaining 10% of the data. A comparison of the grid elevation to the raw elevation is then converted to an RMS value describing the grid surface error. The initial calculation of grid surface error for the island-wide dataset was much higher than expected, due to the appearance of houses, various areas of vegetation and water surfaces in the first return data. Thus, the calculation of grid error was constrained to a 20-meter buffer around the feature extracted (MHW) to provide a better estimate of the surface error from which the feature was derived. The fourth and final term used is the interpolation uncertainty, based on the grid cell size. The four terms were summed in quadrature and the resulting shoreline positional uncertainty was applied to each shoreline date in the "UNCERT" field of the attribute table. This value is used to determine the uncertainty of shoreline change rates, when used with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS; Thieler and others, 2009). Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 3.1 Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: The horizontal positional accuracy value is presented as an average of the 14 lidar shoreline uncertainty values. Each shoreline was assigned a unique uncertainty based on: 1) Horizontal uncertainty from raw lidar data 2) Additional horizontal uncertainty derived from vertical uncertainty 3) Grid uncertainty term 4) Cell size limitation. The following are the estimated uncertainties for each date. Values are in meters NAVD88. 19981102 (4.2) 20011002 (2.1) 20040505 (3.9) 20040919 (4.8) 20050901 (3.4) 20060314 (3.3) 20060921 (2.7) 20070627 (3.3) 20080625 (3.7) 20080908 (4.0) 20100101 (2.8) 20120905 (1.8) 20130712 (1.6) 20140121 (2.2) Average = 3.1 m Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Originator: United States Geological Survey (USGS) Originator: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publication_Date: 20000101 Title: 1998 Fall Gulf Coast NOAA/USGS/NASA Airborne LiDAR Assessment of Coastal Erosion (ALACE) Project for the US Coastline Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: NOAA's Ocean Service, Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=22 Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/htdata/lidar1_z/geoid12a/data/22 Type_of_Source_Media: LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing LIDAR point cloud data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 19981102 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 1998_LIDAR Source_Contribution: Lidar cloud XYZ data points used to generate a surface from which a mean high water (MHW) shoreline was extracted. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2009 Title: ATM Coastal Topography-Alabama 2001 Edition: first Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series Issue_Identification: 418 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Saint Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/418/ Type_of_Source_Media: LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing lidar point cloud data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20011003 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 2001_LIDAR Source_Contribution: Lidar cloud XYZ data points used to generate a surface from which a mean high water (MHW) shoreline was extracted. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Joint Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise (JALBTCX) Publication_Date: 20060523 Title: 2004 US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Topo/Bathy Lidar: Alabama, Florida, Mississippi and North Carolina Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: XYZ point cloud data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: NOAA's Ocean Service, Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=19 Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/htdata/lidar1_z/geoid12a/data/19 Type_of_Source_Media: LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing lidar point cloud data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20040505 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 200405_LIDAR Source_Contribution: Lidar cloud XYZ data points used to generate a surface from which a mean high water (MHW) shoreline was extracted. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U. S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 20081027 Title: EAARL Coastal Topography-Northern Gulf of Mexico Edition: first Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: XYZ point cloud data Series_Information: Series_Name: Data Series Issue_Identification: 384 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Saint Petersburg, FL Publisher: U. S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/384/ Type_of_Source_Media: LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing lidar point cloud data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20040919 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 200409_LIDAR Source_Contribution: Lidar cloud XYZ data points used to generate a surface from which a mean high water (MHW) shoreline was extracted. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2016 Title: EAARL Coastal Topography-Dauphin Island, Alabama, Post-Hurricane Katrina, 2005 Edition: first Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: XYZ point cloud data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F78G8HSG Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Dates of data collection 09/01 - 09/08/2005 Online_Linkage: http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F78G8HSG Type_of_Source_Media: LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing lidar point cloud data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20050901 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 2005_LIDAR Source_Contribution: Lidar cloud XYZ data points used to generate a surface from which a mean high water (MHW) shoreline was extracted. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Joseph W. Long Originator: Karen L. M. Morgan Originator: Kara Doran Publication_Date: 2016 Title: EAARL Coastal Topography-Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama, March 2006 Edition: first Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: XYZ point cloud data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F7BZ6443 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Date of collection 03/14/2006 Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7BZ6443 Type_of_Source_Media: LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing lidar point cloud data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20060314 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 200603_LIDAR Source_Contribution: Lidar cloud XYZ data points used to generate a surface from which a mean high water (MHW) shoreline was extracted. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Joseph W. Long Originator: Karen L. M. Morgan Originator: Kara Doran Publication_Date: 20160707 Title: EAARL Coastal Topography-Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama September 2006 Edition: first Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: XYZ point cloud data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F7765CF4 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Date of collection 09/20 - 09/22/2006 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7765CF4 Type_of_Source_Media: LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing LIDAR point cloud data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20060921 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 200609_LIDAR Source_Contribution: Lidar cloud XYZ data points used to generate a surface from which a mean high water (MHW) shoreline was extracted. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2008 Title: EAARL Coastal Topography-Northern Gulf of Mexico, 2007 Edition: first Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: XYZ point cloud data Series_Information: Series_Name: Data Series Issue_Identification: 400 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Saint Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/400/ Type_of_Source_Media: LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing lidar point cloud data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20070627 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 2007_LIDAR Source_Contribution: Lidar cloud XYZ data points used to generate a surface from which a mean high water (MHW) shoreline was extracted. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2016 Title: EAARL Coastal Topography-Louisiana, Alabama, and Florida, June 2008 Edition: first Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: XYZ point cloud data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/F7G15XZX Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7G15XZX Type_of_Source_Media: LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing lidar point cloud data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20080625 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 200809_LIDAR Source_Contribution: Lidar cloud XYZ data points used to generate a surface from which a mean high water (MHW) shoreline was extracted. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2010 Title: EAARL Coastal Topography-Mississippi and Alabama Barrier Islands, Post-Hurricane Gustav, 2008 Edition: first Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: XYZ point cloud data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series Issue_Identification: 556 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/556/ Type_of_Source_Media: LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing lidar point cloud data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20080908 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 200806_LIDAR Source_Contribution: Lidar cloud XYZ data points used to generate a surface from which a mean high water (MHW) shoreline was extracted. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Originator: Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of expertise (JALBTCX) Publication_Date: 20160523 Title: 2010 US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise (JALBTCX) Topobathy Lidar: Alabama Coast and Florida Gulf Coast Edition: first Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: XYZ point cloud data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: NOAA's Ocean Service, Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=1064 Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/htdata/lidar1_z/geoid12a/data/1064 Type_of_Source_Media: LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing LIDAR point cloud data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20100101 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 2010_LIDAR Source_Contribution: Lidar cloud XYZ data points used to generate a surface from which a mean high water (MHW) shoreline was extracted. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 20140602 Title: Topographic Lidar Survey of the Alabama, Mississippi, and Southeast Louisiana Barrier Islands, from September 5 to October 11, 2012 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: ZYX point cloud data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series Issue_Identification: 839 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0839/ Type_of_Source_Media: LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing lidar point cloud data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20120905 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 2012_LIDAR Source_Contribution: Lidar cloud XYZ data points used to generate a surface from which a mean high water (MHW) shoreline was extracted. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 20140602 Title: Topographic Lidar Survey of Dauphin Island, Alabama and Chandeleur, Stake, Grand Gosier and Breton Islands, Louisiana, July 12-14, 2013 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: XZY point cloud data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series Issue_Identification: 838 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds838 Type_of_Source_Media: LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing lidar point cloud data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20130712 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 2013_LIDAR Source_Contribution: Lidar cloud XYZ data points used to generate a surface from which a mean high water (MHW) shoreline was extracted. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Publication_Date: 20161215 Title: 2014 Mobile County, AL Lidar Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: XYZ point cloud data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM) Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/lidar/search/where:ID=4966 Online_Linkage: https://coast.noaa.gov/htdata/lidar1_z/geoid12b/data/4966 Type_of_Source_Media: LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing lidar point cloud data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20140121 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 2014_LIDAR Source_Contribution: Lidar cloud XYZ data points used to generate a surface from which a mean high water (MHW) shoreline was extracted. Process_Step: Process_Description: Published X,Y,Z point data were converted from the originally published geoid to GEOID96 using files downloaded from NOAA's National Geodetic Survey https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/GEOID. After conversion, a survey specific elevation offset was then applied, uniformly, to each dataset according to the values published in Thompson and others (2017). Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 1998_LIDAR Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 2001_LIDAR Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 200405_LIDAR Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 200409_LIDAR Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 2005_LIDAR Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 200603_LIDAR Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 200609_LIDAR Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 2007_LIDAR Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 200806_LIDAR Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 200809_LIDAR Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 2010_LIDAR Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 2012_LIDAR Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 2013_LIDAR Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 2014_LIDAR Process_Date: 20160818 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_1998_11_raw.txt Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2001_09_raw.txt Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2004_05_raw.txt Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2004_09_raw.txt Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2005_0901_raw.txt Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2006_0314_raw.txt Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2006_0921_raw.txt Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2007_0627_raw.txt Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2008_0625_raw.txt Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2008_0908_raw.txt Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2010_01_raw.txt Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2012_09_raw.txt Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2013_07_raw.txt Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_201401_raw.txt Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Joseph Long Contact_Organization: USGS Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 772 502-8024 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jwlong@usgs.gov Hours_of_Service: M-F, 8:00-4:00 ET Process_Step: Process_Description: Creation of grid surface from raw data (fore example, file used : dauphin_lidar_DATE_raw.txt where DATE corresponds to the yyyy_mmdd of the lidar dataset). XYZ.txt files were imported in to ArcMap (v.10.0), and converted to a point shapefile using the following method: File >> Add data >> Add XY data (XYZ text file chosen). The resulting event layer feature was converted to a shapefile by right clicking the dataset in Table of Contents, and selecting Export Data. Features were then subset into 90/10% training/testing groups, using the following method: ArcToolbox>>GeoSatistical Analyst >> Utilities >> Subset Features(input XYZ point shapefile, output training feature class and test feature class, with size of training feature subset at 90%). A geodatabase (DATE_terrain) was created for each date and a new (empty) feature dataset created within this database. Training point features (90%) were imported into the feature dataset using the following method: ConversionTools >> To Geodatabase >> Feature Class to Feature Class (input training point features (90%) and output to new feature class within geodatabase (DATE_terrain). Right click in geodatabase select >> NEW terrain – use wizard to assign feature class points. Convert terrain to 2-meter grid using the following method: ArcToolbox >> Converstion >> From Terrain >> Terrain to Raster(ex. file created: DIDATEgrid, where DATE is the yyyymmdd of the original lidar data and DI refers to Dauphin Island) Process was repeated for each date. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_1998_11_raw.txt Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2001_09_raw.txt Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2004_05_raw.txt Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2004_09_raw.txt Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2005_0901_raw.txt Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2006_0314_raw.txt Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2006_0921_raw.txt Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2007_0627_raw.txt Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2008_0625_raw.txt Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2008_0908_raw.txt Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2010_01_raw.txt Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2012_09_raw.txt Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_2013_07_raw.txt Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: dauphin_lidar_201401_raw.txt Process_Date: 20160830 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI199811grid Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200109grid Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200405grid Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200409grid Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200509grid Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200603grid Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200609grid Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200706grid Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200806grid Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200809grid Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI201001grid Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI201209grid Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI201307grid Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI201401grid Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Rachel Henderson Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727)-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rehenderson@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Shoreline extracted from DEM. A Mean High Water (MHW) shoreline for Dauphin Island, AL was identified as 0.24 m NAVD88 (Weber and others., 2005) and extracted from each lidar survey within ArcMap, using a method similar to that described in Harris and others (2005). The contour shoreline extracted from ArcMap was produced using the following steps for each lidar date: 1) Contour was extracted from each lidar grid using: ArcToolbox >> 3D Analyst Tools>>Raster Surface >> Contour List, where 0.24 was identified as the only contour, and saved to the geodatabase containing the original terrain and grid data. 2) The contour was smoothed using: ArcToolbox >> Cartography Tools >> Generalization >> Smooth Line using Peak 10 m, accept all other defaults. 3) Manual review/editing of MHW for large errors, or locations with multiple MHW values and ensure the proper location of the MHW shoreline, using a colorized elevation grid for reference. 4)Merge all line segments. Editor>>Merge 6)Add “DATE_” (text string 10 characters) and "UNCERT" (double) to the attribute table. Determine "DATE" from lidar data, "UNCERT" remains blank until completion of shoreline positional uncertainty (to follow). A field titled "NOTES" was also added to include an additional information about the shoreline. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI199811grid Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200109grid Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200405grid Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200409grid Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200509grid Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200603grid Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200609grid Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200706grid Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200806grid Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200809grid Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI201001grid Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI201209grid Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI201307grid Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI201401grid Process_Date: 20160915 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI199811_MHW Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200109_MHW Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200405_MHW Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200409_MHW Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200509_MHW Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200603_MHW Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200609_MHW Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200706_MHW Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200806_MHW Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200809_MHW Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI201001_MHW Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI201209_MHW Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI201307_MHW Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI201401_MHW Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Rachel Henderson Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727)-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rehenderson@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: All shorelines were appended into one feature class (in a personal geodatabase). ArcToolbox>>Data Management Tools>>General>>Append: select each DIDATE_MHW shoreline. Shorelines for the following dates were appended: 11/02/1998 10/02/2001 05/05/2004 09/19/2004 09/01/2005 03/14/2006 09/21/2006 06/27/2007 06/25/2008 09/08/2008 01/01/2010 09/05/2012 07/12/2013 01/21/2014 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI199811_MHW Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200109_MHW Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200405_MHW Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200409_MHW Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200509_MHW Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200603_MHW Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200609_MHW Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200706_MHW Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200806_MHW Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI200809_MHW Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI201001_MHW Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI201209_MHW Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI201307_MHW Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DI201401_MHW Process_Date: 20161010 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: DI_lidar_1998_2014 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Rachel E. Henderson Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727)-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rehenderson@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Calculation of the grid surface error. Using the withheld 10% point "testing" dataset for each date(90% point data was used to create each lidar grid surface) the points were overlain on the corresponding raster; vertical RMSE on the interpolated surface was determined from comparisons between actual Z value and interpolated Z value using the following method: 1) Surface information was pulled from the lidar grid and added to 10% point dataset (ArcToolbox>>3D Analyst Tools>>Functional Surface>>Add surface information, add 10% test points LS_date_10.shp as feature class, Input grid surface: date_grid, Output property check Z. 2) Added new attribute field to 10% test point file – "Elev_diff" (float) and calculated the difference in original point height and grid surface "Z" height. 3)Saved table to an Excel file and converted each elevation offset to an absolute value. The average of this offset was calculated, and applied as a term in the total shoreline positional uncertainty calculation. Process_Date: 20161201 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Rachel Henderson Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727)-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rehenderson@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Calculation of lidar shoreline positional uncertainty. In order to determine the uncertainties associated with individual shorelines, a methodology following Morton and Miller (2005) and Hapke and others (2006) was used to estimate a positional uncertainty value for each shoreline. Total shoreline positional uncertainty is a function of the errors inherent in the source data (horizontal and vertical accuracy of the raw lidar data) the conversion of point data to a 3D surface (grid error) and those errors generated in the extraction of the vector shoreline (interpolation uncertainty). Four terms were identified to describe the uncertainty of the resulting lidar shoreline position. The first is the direct horizontal uncertainty from published lidar data. Following the methods described by Hapke and others (2010) the second term is derived from the vertical uncertainty from published lidar data, which is then converted to a horizontal uncertainty based on an averages slope around MHW for each lidar dataset, determined by pulling the slope data from the lidar data at the intersection of MHW and the existing alongshore DSAS transects. The third term is calculated as the "grid error" term. This is a measure of how well the surface (created from 90% of the raw data) captures the actual elevation of the remaining 10% of the data. A comparison of the grid elevation to the raw elevation is then converted to an RMS value describing the grid surface error. The initial calculation of grid surface error for the island-wide dataset was much higher than expected, due to the appearance of houses various areas of vegetation and water surfaces in the first return data. Thus, the calculation of grid error was constrained to a 20-meter buffer around the feature extracted (MHW) to provide a better estimate of the surface error from which the feature was derived. The fourth and final term used is the interpolation uncertainty, based on the grid cell size. The four terms were summed in quadrature and the resulting shoreline positional uncertainty was applied to each shoreline date in the "UNCERT" field of the attribute table. This value is used to determine the uncertainty of shoreline change rates when used with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS; Thieler and others, 2009). Process_Date: 20170301 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Rachel Henderson Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727)-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rehenderson@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Features exported from geodatabase to shapefile. Process_Date: 20173010 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Rachel Henderson Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727)-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rehenderson@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 41 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 16 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -87.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.6096 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.6096 Planar_Distance_Units: Meter Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_North_American_1983 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS_1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Lidar_MHW_Shorelines_1998_2014 Entity_Type_Definition: Vector shorelines Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: OBJECTID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1 Range_Domain_Maximum: 41 Attribute: Attribute_Label: DATE_ Attribute_Definition: Date of shoreline position; date of survey as indicated on source material using the MM/DD/YYYY format. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 11/02/1998 Range_Domain_Maximum: 01/21/2014 Beginning_Date_of_Attribute_Values: 19981102 Attribute: Attribute_Label: NOTES Attribute_Definition: Notes about each shoreline segment, according to 1) location along the island (Dauphin Island, Little Dauphin Island, Pelican Island) and shoreline type (open-ocean, back-barrier, marsh shoreline). Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Character string of length 150 Attribute: Attribute_Label: UNCERT Attribute_Definition: Estimate of shoreline position uncertainty. Actual shoreline position is within the range of this value (plus or minus, meters). The uncertainty was determined by compiling the sources of uncertainty identified in: 1) raw lidar data 2) conversion of points to grid surface 3) extraction/editing of horizontal line information from grid surface. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.6 Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.8 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape_Leng Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in meters units (UTM zone 19N, WGS 84) Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 938.885502 Range_Domain_Maximum: 41003.284693 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: This datasest contains MWH shoreline data extracted from lidar elevation datasets from 1998 to 2014 with associated attributes for use with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The attributes required for use with DSAS include auto-generated fields - OBJECTID, Shape, Shape_Leng, and user-created fields - DATE_ and UNCERT. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727)-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rehenderson@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Lidar_Shorelines_1998_2014.shp Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: WinZip Format_Version_Number: 9.0 Format_Specification: Esri polyline shapefile Format_Information_Content: This WinZip file contains a shapefile of lidar derived MHW shorelines from 1998 - 2014 for Dauphin Island, Alabama. File_Decompression_Technique: Use WinZip or pkUnzip Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-F7T43RB5/data/Lidar_Shorelines_1998_2014.zip Fees: None Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20170616 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Rachel Henderson Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: Florida Postal_Code: 33701 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: (727)-502-8000 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rehenderson@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time