Lauren T. Toth Anastasios Stathakopoulos 20190521 Tabular digital data U.S. Geological Survey Data Release doi:10.5066/P93XXXA0 St. Petersburg, FL U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P93XXXA0 Lauren T. Toth Anastasios Stathakopoulos Ilsa B. Kuffner Robert R. Ruzicka Michael A. Colella Eugene A. Shinn 20190606 Publication Washington, DC Ecological Society of America https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2781 This data release provides a summary of the absolute percent composition of all recovered material and relative percent composition of coral taxa in the Holocene-aged intervals of 61 coral-reef cores collected throughout the Florida Keys reef tract (FKRT) housed in the USGS Core Archive in St. Petersburg, FL (Estimated ages for distinct depths within each core are also provided; those ages were either measured by radiometric dating of coral samples at those depths or estimated by linear interpolation between measured ages. A complete dataset of all measured ages in the cores is available at https://doi.org/10.5066/F7NV9HJX (Toth and others, 2018).Estimated paleodepths of the equivalent depths observed in the coral cores acquired from 1976 to 2017 were determined by extracting the relative sea level (RSL) for each age in the cores from the model of Holocene RSL in south Florida developed by Khan and others (2017). For further information regarding data collection and analysis methods refer to the associated journal article (Toth and others, 2019). This research is a part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coral Reef Ecosystem Studies Project (https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/crest/). Data on the coral species composition of the Holocene reef framework were collected to 1) identify the primary coral taxa responsible for building Holocene reefs in the region, 2) evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of regional reef assemblages during the Holocene, 3) evaluate if and how species composition changed in response to changes in the rate of reef accretion, and 4) compare the composition of the Holocene reef framework to the composition of contemporary reef assemblages in the region. Please refer to, FKRT_Core_Locations.zip, in the Supplemental Information section of the data release (Toth and Stathakopoulos, 2019) for core location details. 1976 2017 ground condition Complete As needed -83.04861 -80.0967 25.5906 24.4348 USGS Thesaurus marine geology sea-level change coelenterates reef ecosystems radiometric dating relative abundance analysis ecology ISO 19115 Topic Categories oceans geoscientificInformation Geographic Names Information System Florida Keys Florida Dry Tortugas USGS Thesaurus Holocene none Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research. Lauren T Toth USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Research Oceanographer mailing and physical

600 4Th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 United States 727-502-8029 ltoth@usgs.gov K.E. Kohler S.M. Gill 2006 Amsterdam, Netherlands Computers & Geosciences, Elsevier https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2005.11.009 The species identifications listed in the cores were independently verified by two USGS researchers: L.T. Toth and A. Stathakopoulos. No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Blank fields within the dataset indicate that a particular attribute was not measured or reported for that sample. Note that only 61 cores were analyzed in the present study, but 71 were included in Toth and others, 2018. The cores that were excluded from this study were either did not have enough recovery for analysis or only represented a single coral colony. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. Khan, N. S., Ashe, E., Horton, B. P., Dutton, A., Kopp, R. E., Brocard, G., Engelhart, S. E., Hill, D. F., Peltier, W. R., Vane, C. H., & Scatena, F. N. 2017 tabular digital data Amsterdam, Netherlands Quaternary Science Reviews, Netherlands https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.08.032 Holocene sea-level reconstruction 20170101 publication date Sea-level data Used to calculate paleodepths of intervals within the cores Toth, L. T., Stathakopoulos, A., & Kuffner, I. B. 20180426 tabular digital data St. Petersburg, FL U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/F7NV9HJX Core IDs, locations, depths, and radiometric ages 1976 2017 ground condition Reef core data Used to calculate paleodepths and average ages of intervals in the cores. Quantifying Holocene Reef Composition: USGS researchers analyzed the composition of 61 cores through digital analysis of high-resolution, photographic core logs (provided in Toth and others, 2018) by identifying all visible material in the core photographs including corals, unconsolidated sediments, and consolidated carbonate reef rock, using the physical core records for reference. All coral taxa were identified to the species level whenever possible; however, some corals were combined into broader taxonomic groups. Agaricia, Madracis, Oculina, and Millepora spp., which were all rare in these records, were only identified to the genus level. Porites astreoides was always identified to the species level, but the other western Atlantic Porites spp.—P. porites, P. divaricata, and P. furcata—were grouped as “branching Porites spp.”. Orbicella annularis, O. faveolata, and O. franksi were all classified as “Orbicella spp.” because of difficulty in distinguishing fine-scale differences in the morphology of this group. Corals that were too taphonomically degraded or too small to be confidently identified to even the genus level were categorized as “unidentified coral species”. USGS researchers quantified the abundance of each coral taxon as well as unconsolidated sediment and carbonate reef rock by using the Area Analysis Tool in the program Coral Point Count (CPCe; Kohler and Gill, 2006) to digitally trace the projected surface area of all material in the core photographs. These data were used to calculate the percent composition of all core constituents within 229 recovered intervals OF the 61 cores. The individual depth intervals were defined based on core penetration depths indicated in the core boxes by the researchers who collected the cores (see Toth and others, 2018). For each interval in each core, the absolute and relative percent composition of all coral taxa were calculated. To calculate absolute percent recovery and composition, a theoretical surface area for each interval was first calculated by multiplying the penetration length of the interval (for example, 1.5 meters or 5 feet) by the average diameter of the core measured in CPCe, which varied between ~3 and 5 centimeters depending on the specific equipment used to collect the core. Absolute percent composition was then calculated by dividing the total measured area of each coral taxa (or other recovered material) in an interval by the theoretical, projected surface area of that interval. Relative percent composition of coral taxa was calculated as a percentage of total coral recovery by dividing the area represented by each individual coral taxa in an interval by the total area of all coral taxa in that interval. 2018 Age and Paleodepth Calculations: Intervals with no recovery, intervals containing only unconsolidated sediments, or intervals that only contained other non-coral material were not included in further analyses. In order to provide a paleoecological context for Holocene composition data, the mean age and paleodepth for each of the remaining 59 intervals in the cores was calculated. The ages of the boundaries of each depth interval in the cores was estimated by linear interpolation of the 203 radiometric ages for the 59 cores, which are provided in Toth and others (2018). The estimated ages of the beginning and end of the interval were then averaged to determine the mean age of that interval. Cores that did not have at least two ages (the minimum needed to generate age models) were not included. The average paleodepth for each interval was determined using the reconstruction of Holocene sea-level variability in south Florida developed by Khan and others (2017). First, Khan and others' (2017) model outputs were used to estimate the position of sea-level relative to modern mean sea level (MSL) at the beginning and end of each depth interval in the cores based on the estimated ages of those points. Depths of intervals in the core were converted to MSL by adding the water depth at the coring location (see Toth and others, 2018). Mean paleodepths were then calculated for each interval by averaging the paleodepths at the beginning and end of each interval. 2018 The approximate GPS coordinates where each reef core was collected is provided in Toth and others (2018; https://doi.org/10.5066/F7NV9HJX) Point FKRT_Absolute_Composition.csv, FKRT_Absolute_Composition.xlsx Absolute composition of FKRT cores. Describes the absolute percentage of intervals within cores from the FKRT composed of particular coral taxa or other carbonates Lauren T. Toth Subregion The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract where the core containing the sample was collected. USGS Dry Tortugas N.P. The westernmost subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located within the boundaries of Dry Tortugas National Park (N.P.). National Park Service Marquesas The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between Dry Tortugas National Park and the Lower Keys. USGS Lower Keys The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between the Marquesas and the Middle Keys. USGS Middle Keys The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between the Lower Keys and the Upper Keys. USGS Upper Keys The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between the Middle Keys and Biscayne National Park. USGS Biscayne N.P. The northernmost subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located within the boundaries of Biscayne National Park (N.P.). National Park Service Site The name of the reef or site where a core was collected. USGS The name given to the site by the researcher collecting the cores or the name of the reef where the cores were collected. Core ID Unique identifier for each core included in this study. USGS Core IDs are generated using abbreviated information about the subregion, site, and core number and are formatted as: Region abbreviation-Site abbreviation-Core number. Interval ID A unique identifier for each interval in the cores analyzed in this study. USGS Intervals IDs are generated by abbreviating information about the subregion, site, core, and the range of depths in the core that the interval spans (in feet). Interval IDs are formatted as: Region abbreviation-Site abbreviation-Core number_starting depth in core-ending depth in core. Starting depth of interval (ft) The starting depth of the interval in the core, in feet (ft), relative to the reef surface. USGS -0.3 50 feet Ending depth of interval (ft) The ending depth of the interval in the core, in feet (ft), relative to the reef surface. USGS 1.5 55 feet Length of interval (ft) The length of the interval, in feet (ft). USGS 0.8 25 feet Length of interval (m) The length of the interval, in meters (m). USGS 0.2 7.6 meters % Recovery The estimated percent (%) recovery of reef substrate within a particular interval of the core. Calculated by dividing the measured surface area of core constituents in an interval by the theoretical surface area of that interval based on the interval length and width (see Process Step). Note that because of uncertainties in the surface area measurements, it is possible that the percentages could erroneously be higher than 100%. USGS 0 106.8 Percent (%) Average depth of interval (m MSL) The average depth (elevation) of the interval in the core, in meters (m) relative to mean sea level (MSL). See Process Step for a description of how this attribute was calculated. USGS 0.76 30.42 meters relative to mean sea level (m MSL) Average paleodepth of interval (m bMSL) The average paleodepth of the interval in the core, in meters (m) below mean sea level (bMSL). In other words, this describes the average water depth at the time this interval was deposited. See Process Step for a description of how this attribute was calculated. USGS -2.67 23.71 meters below mean sea level (m bMSL) Average age of interval (years BP) The average age at which the interval was deposited, in years before present (BP; where "present" by convention is 1950). See Process Step for a description of how this attribute was calculated. USGS 121 10269 years before 1950 (years BP) Period Describes what sub-division of the Holocene the interval was deposited in based on the average age of the interval. Late Holocene=4200 years before 1950 (years BP) to present. Middle Holocene=8200 to 4200 years BP. Early Holocene=12000-8200 years BP. USGS Late Holocene The period from 4200 years before 1950 (years BP) to present. USGS Middle Holocene The period from 8200 to 4200 years before 1950 (years BP). USGS Early Holocene The period from 12000 to 8200 years before 1950 (years BP). USGS Orbicella spp. Gives the absolute percent composition of Orbieclla spp. coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 91.17 percent Acropora palmata Gives the absolute percent composition of Acropora palmata coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 71.13 percent Acropora cervicornis Gives the absolute percent composition of Acropora cervicornis coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 31.18 percent Pseudodiploria strigosa Gives the absolute percent composition of Pseudodiploria strigosa coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 82.01 percent Pseudodiploria clivosa Gives the absolute percent composition of Pseudodiploria clivosa coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 49.11 percent Diploria labyrinthiformis Gives the absolute percent composition of Diploria labyrinthiformis coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 44.35 percent Colpophyllia natans Gives the absolute percent composition of Colpophyllia natans coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 77.48 percent Porites astreoides Gives the absolute percent composition of Porites astreoides coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 16.94 percent branching Porites spp. Gives the absolute percent composition of branching Porites spp. coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 7.06 percent Siderastrea siderea Gives the absolute percent composition of Siderastrea siderea coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 34.22 percent Millepora spp. Gives the absolute percent composition of MIllepora spp. coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 26.07 percent Dichocoenia stokesii Gives the absolute percent composition of Dichocoenia stokesii coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 12.32 percent Montastraea cavernosa Gives the absolute percent composition of Montastraea cavernosa coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 99.91 percent Stephanocoenia intercepta Gives the absolute percent composition of Stephanocoenia intercepta coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 42.16 percent Eusmilia fastigiata Gives the absolute percent composition of Eusmilia fastigiata coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 1.22 percent Mancinia areolata Gives the absolute percent composition of Mancinia areolata coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 1.14 percent Oculina spp. Gives the absolute percent composition of Oculina spp. coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 0.29 percent Agaricia spp. Gives the absolute percent composition of Agaricia spp. coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 3.23 percent Solenastrea bournoni Gives the absolute percent composition of Solenastrea bournoni coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 5.69 percent Dendrogyra cylindrus Gives the absolute percent composition of Dendrogyra cylindrus coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 11.88 percent Madracis spp. Gives the absolute percent composition of Madracis spp. coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 3.01 percent Unidentified coral Gives the absolute percent composition of coral skeletons in the interval that could not be identified. USGS 0 12.97 percent Carbonate reef rock Gives the absolute percent composition of non-coral carbonate reef rock in the interval. USGS 0 88.58 percent Exclude? (Y/N) Indicates whether the composition data from this interval was included in the paleoecological reconstruction by Toth and others (2019). USGS Y Y=Yes, the data from this interval were excluded in Toth and others (2019). USGS N N=No, the data from this interval were not excluded from Toth and others (2019). USGS Reason for exclusion If the previous attribute contains a "Y", this attribute explains why the data were not included in the reef composition reconstruction of Toth and others (2019). USGS No recovery The interval was excluded because there was no recovery of any reef substrate in this interval. USGS Paleodepth >10 m The interval was excluded because the estimated average paleodepth of the interval, in meters (m) below mean sea level (bMSL), was greater than 10 m. USGS Too little data from this subregion The interval was excluded because there was too little data from this (the Marquesas) subregion to include it in the statistical analyses. USGS Age model could not be constructed because there was only one Holocene age from this core The interval was excluded because an age model could not be constructed because there was only one Holocene age from this core. USGS No Holocene ages from this core The interval was excluded because there were no Holocene ages from this core that could be used to construct an age model. USGS No coral recovery The interval was excluded because there was no recovery of coral in the interval. USGS FKRT_Relative_Coral_Composition.csv, FKRT_Relative_Coral_Composition.xlsx Relative composition of FKRT cores. Describes the percentage of intervals within cores from the FKRT composed of particular coral taxa relative to the total coral percent composition of that interval by all corals. Lauren T. Toth Subregion The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract where the core containing the sample was collected. USGS Dry Tortugas N.P. The westernmost subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located within the boundaries of Dry Tortugas National Park (N.P.). National Park Service Marquesas The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between Dry Tortugas National Park and the Lower Keys. USGS Lower Keys The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between the Marquesas and the Middle Keys. USGS Middle Keys The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between the Lower Keys and the Upper Keys. USGS Upper Keys The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between the Middle Keys and Biscayne National Park. USGS Biscayne N.P. The northernmost subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located within the boundaries of Biscayne National Park (N.P.) National Park Service Site The name of the reef or site where a core was collected. USGS The name given to the site by the researcher collecting the cores or the name of the reef where the cores were collected. Core ID Unique identifier for each core included in this study. USGS Core IDs are generated using abbreviated information about the subregion, site, and core number and are formatted as: Region abbreviation-Site abbreviation-Core number. Interval ID A unique identifier for each interval in the cores analyzed in this study. USGS Intervals IDs are generated using by abbreviating information about the subregion, site, core, and the range of depths in the core that the interval spans (in feet). Interval IDs are formatted as: Region abbreviation-Site abbreviation-Core number_starting depth in core-ending depth in core. Starting depth of interval (ft) The starting depth of the interval in the core, in feet (ft), relative to the reef surface. USGS -0.3 50 feet Ending depth of interval (ft) The ending depth of the interval in the core, in feet (ft), relative to the reef surface. USGS 1.5 55 feet Length of interval (ft) The length of the interval, in feet (ft). USGS 0.8 25 feet Length of interval (m) The length of the interval, in meters (m). USGS 0.2 7.6 meters % Recovery The estimated percent (%) recovery of reef substrate within a particular interval of the core. Calculated by dividing the measured surface area of core constituents in an interval by the theoretical surface area of that interval based on the interval length and width (see Process Step). Note that because of uncertainties in the surface area measurements, it is possible that the percentages could erroneously be higher than 100%. USGS 0 106.8 Percent (%) Average depth of interval (m MSL) The average depth (elevation) of the interval in the core, in meters (m) relative to mean sea level (MSL). See Process Step for a description of how this attribute was calculated. USGS 0.76 30.42 meters relative to mean sea level (m MSL) Average paleodepth of interval (m bMSL) The average paleodepth of the interval in the core, in meters (m) below mean sea level (bMSL). In other words, this describes the average water depth at the time this interval was deposited. See Process Step for a description of how this attribute was calculated. USGS -2.67 23.71 meters below mean sea level (m bMSL) Average age of interval (years BP) The average age at which the interval was deposited, in years before present (BP; where "present" by convention is 1950). See Process Step for a description of how this attribute was calculated. USGS 121 10269 years before 1950 (years BP) Period Describes what sub-division of the Holocene the interval was deposited in based on the average age of the interval. Late Holocene=4200 years before 1950 (years BP) to present. Middle Holocene=8200 to 4200 years BP. Early Holocene=12000-8200 years BP. USGS Late Holocene The period from 4200 years before 1950 (years BP) to present. USGS Middle Holocene The period from 8200 to 4200 years before 1950 (years BP). USGS Early Holocene The period from 12000 to 8200 years before 1950 (years BP). USGS % Coral Recovery The percent of recovered material in the interval that was composed of corals. USGS 0 99.91 percent Orbicella spp. Gives the relative percent composition of Orbicella spp. coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 100 percent Acropora palmata Gives the relative percent composition of Acropora palmata coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 100 percent Acropora cervicornis Gives the relative percent composition of Acropora cervicornis coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 100 percent Pseudodiploria strigosa Gives the relative percent composition of Pseudodiploria strigosa coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 100 percent Pseudodiploria clivosa Gives the relative percent composition of Pseudodiploria clivosa coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 95.06 percent Diploria labyrinthiformis Gives the relative percent composition of Diploria labyrinthiformis coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 100 percent Colpophyllia natans Gives the relative percent composition of Colpophyllia natans coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 100 percent Porites astreoides Gives the relative percent composition of Porites astreoides coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 90.29 percent branching Porites spp. Gives the relative percent composition of branching Porites spp. coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 37.84 percent Siderastrea siderea Gives the relative percent composition of Siderastrea siderea coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 71.69 percent Millepora spp. Gives the relative percent composition of Millepora spp. coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 42.86 percent Dichocoenia stokesii Gives the relative percent composition of Dichocoenia stokesii coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 54.53 percent Montastraea cavernosa Gives the relative percent composition of Montastraea cavernosa coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 100 percent Stephanocoenia intercepta Gives the relative percent composition of Stephanocoenia intercepta coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 64.99 percent Eusmilia fastigiata Gives the relative percent composition of Eusmilia fastigiata coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 8.79 percent Mancinia areolata Gives the relative percent composition of Mancinia areolata coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 3.55 percent Oculina spp. Gives the relative percent composition of Oculina spp. coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 0.50 percent Agaricia spp. Gives the relative percent composition of Agaricia spp. coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 5.27 percent Solenastrea bournoni Gives the relative percent composition of Solenastrea bournoni coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 11.71 percent Dendrogyra cylindrus Gives the relative percent composition of Dendrogyra cylindrus coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 29.19 percent Madracis spp. Gives the relative percent composition of Madracis spp. coral skeletons in the interval. USGS 0 6.78 percent Unidentified coral Gives the relative percent composition of coral skeletons in the interval that could not be identified. USGS 0 71.55 percent Exclude? (Y/N) Indicates whether the composition data from this interval was included in the paleoecological reconstruction by Toth and others (2019). USGS Y Y=Yes, the data from this interval were excluded in Toth and others (2019). USGS N N=No, the data from this interval were not excluded from Toth and others (2019). USGS Reason for exclusion If the previous attribute contains a "Y", this attribute explains why the data were not included in the reef composition reconstruction of Toth and others (2019). USGS No recovery The interval was excluded because there was no recovery of any reef substrate in this interval. USGS Paleodepth >10 m The interval was excluded because the estimated average paleodepth of the interval, in meters (m) below mean sea level (bMSL), was greater than 10 m. USGS Too little data from this subregion The interval was excluded because there was too little data from this (the Marquesas) subregion to include it in the statistical analyses. USGS Age model could not be constructed because there was only one Holocene age from this core The interval was excluded because an age model could not be constructed because there was only one Holocene age from this core. USGS No Holocene ages from this core The interval was excluded because there were no Holocene ages from this core that could be used to construct an age model. USGS No coral recovery The interval was excluded because there was no recovery of coral in the interval. USGS FKRT_Age_Estimates.csv, FKRT_Age_Estimates.xlsx Age estimates for Holocene FKRT core intervals. Data were to estimate starting and ending ages of intervals in the cores. USGS Subregion The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract where the core containing the sample was collected. USGS Dry Tortugas N.P. The westernmost subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located within the boundaries of Dry Tortugas National Park (N.P.). National Park Service Marquesas The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between Dry Tortugas National Park and the Lower Keys. USGS Lower Keys The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between the Marquesas and the Middle Keys. USGS Middle Keys The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between the Lower Keys and the Upper Keys. USGS Upper Keys The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between the Middle Keys and Biscayne National Park. USGS Biscayne N.P. The northernmost subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located within the boundaries of Biscayne National Park (N.P.). National Park Service Site The name of the reef or site where a core was collected. USGS The name given to the site by the researcher collecting the cores or the name of the reef where the cores were collected. Core ID Unique identifier for each core included in this study. USGS Core IDs are generated using abbreviated information about the subregion, site, and core number and are formatted as: Region abbreviation-Site abbreviation-Core number. Depth in core (ft) The depth in the core, in feet (ft) relative to the reef surface, where the age was estimated. USGS -0.3 55 feet Depth in core (m) The depth in the core, in meters (m) relative to the reef surface, where the age was estimated. USGS -0.1 16.8 meters Age (years BP) The estimated age, in years before present (BP; where "present", by convention, is 1950) at which a layer in the core was deposited. USGS 0 10512 years before 1950 (years BP) Age measured or interpolated? Indicates whether the age is based on a measured radiometric age from a coral at that particular depth in the core (see Toth and others, 2018) or if the age was estimated by linear interpolation of adjacent ages in the cores (see Process Step). USGS measured Indicates that the age is based on a measured radiometric age from a coral at that particular depth in the core (see Toth and others, 2018). USGS interpolated Indicates that the age was estimated by linear interpolation of adjacent ages in the cores (see Process Step). USGS FKRT_Paleodepth_Estimates.csv, FKRT_Paleodepth_Estimates.xlsx Paleodepth estimates for Holocene FKRT core intervals. Data were used to estimate starting and ending paleodepths of intervals in the cores. USGS Subregion The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract where the core containing the sample was collected. USGS Dry Tortugas N.P. The westernmost subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located within the boundaries of Dry Tortugas National Park (N.P.). National Park Service Marquesas The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between Dry Tortugas National Park and the Lower Keys. USGS Lower Keys The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between the Marquesas and the Middle Keys. USGS Middle Keys The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between the Lower Keys and the Upper Keys. USGS Upper Keys The subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located between the Middle Keys and Biscayne National Park. USGS Biscayne N.P. The northernmost subregion of the Florida Keys reef tract located within the boundaries of Biscayne National Park (N.P.). USGS Site The name of the reef or site where a core was collected. USGS The name given to the site by the researcher collecting the cores or the name of the reef where the cores were collected. Core ID Unique identifier for each core included in this study. USGS Core IDs are generated using abbreviated information about the subregion, site, and core number and are formatted as: Region abbreviation-Site abbreviation-Core number. Depth in core (ft) The depth in the core, in feet (ft) relative to the reef surface, where the paleodepth was estimated. USGS -0.3 55 feet Depth in core (m) The depth in the core, in meters (m) relative to the reef surface, where the paleodepth was estimated. USGS -0.1 16.8 meters Age (years BP) The estimated age, in years before present (BP; where "present", by convention, is 1950), at which a layer in the core was deposited. USGS 0 10512 years before 1950 (years BP) RSL (m MSL) Relative sea level at the stating age of the interval, in meters relative to mean sea level (m MSL), based on the Holocene sea-level reconstruction from south Florida developed by Khan and others (2017). USGS -24.62 -0.14 meters (m) relative to mean sea level (MSL) Estimated paleodepth (m bMSL) The estimated paleodepth at a particular depth in the core, in meters below mean sea level (m bMSL). This was calculated by subtracting the depth in the core from the RSL at the time that part of the core was deposited (see Process Step). Note that because of uncertainties both in the model of RSL and the estimated depth in the core, some estimated paleodepths are erroneously above MSL (that is, they are negative). USGS -7.09 23.96 meters below mean sea level (m bMSL) Lauren T Toth USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Research Oceanographer mailing and physical

600 4Th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 United States 727-502-8029 ltoth@usgs.gov Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. CSV, XLSX none https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P93XXXA0/data/FKRT_Absolute_Composition.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P93XXXA0/data/FKRT_Relative_Coral_Composition.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P93XXXA0/data/FKRT_Age_Estimates.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P93XXXA0/data/FKRT_Paleodepth_Estimates.zip https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P93XXXA0/data/FKRT_Core_Locations.zip None 20190710 Lauren T Toth USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Research Oceanographer mailing and physical

600 4Th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 United States 727-502-8029 ltoth@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998