Kimberly K. Yates
David G. Zawada
Stephanie R. Arsenault
20190508
Projected Seafloor Elevation Along the Florida Reef Tract From Deerfield Beach to Homestead, Florida—25 Years From 2014 Based on Historical Rates of Mean Erosion
Multimedia presentation
U.S. Geological Survey Data Release
doi:10.5066/P9FNHR4Z
St. Petersburg, FL
U.S. Geological Survey
https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FNHR4Z
Kimberly K. Yates
David G. Zawada
Nathan A. Smiley
Ginger Tiling-Range
20170420
Divergence of seafloor elevation and sea level rise in coral reef ecosystems
Publication
Munich, Germany
Biogeosciences
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1739-2017
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center conducted research to quantify the combined effect of all constructive and destructive processes on modern coral reef ecosystems by projecting future regional-scale changes in seafloor elevation for several sites along the Florida Reef Tract, Florida (FL) including the shallow seafloor along the coast of Miami, FL. USGS staff used historical bathymetric point data from the 1930's (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Coast Survey, see Yates and others, 2017) and light detection and ranging (lidar)-derived data acquired in 2002 (Brock and others, 2006, 2007) to calculate historical seafloor elevation changes in the Upper Florida Keys (UFK) (Yates and others, 2017). Using those changes in seafloor elevation, annual rates of erosion were calculated for 13 habitat types found in the UFK reef tract. The annual rate of mean erosion for each habitat type was applied to a digital elevation model (DEM) extending from Deerfield Beach to Homestead, FL that was modified from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Miami coastal DEM (NOAA, 2015) to project future seafloor elevation (from 2014) along the Miami section of the Florida Reef Tract. Grid resolution for the DEM is 1/3 arc second (approximately 10 meters).
These data were used to determine 25-year future seafloor elevation changes (from 2014) along the Miami section of the Florida Reef Tract, based on mean erosion.
USGS lidar elevation measurements (used in Yates and others, 2017, 2018) were collected over the Upper Florida Keys using the first-generation National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), a pulsed laser ranging system mounted on board an aircraft to measure ground elevation, vegetation canopy, and coastal topography. The system uses high-frequency laser beams directed at the Earth's surface through an opening in the bottom of the aircraft's fuselage. The laser system records the time difference between emission of the laser beam and the reception of the reflected laser signal in the aircraft.
2019
publication date
None planned
-80.311065
-80.054028
26.320046
25.249954
ISO 19115 Topic Category
geoscientificInformation
elevation
oceans
USGS Thesaurus
marine geology
sea-floor characteristics
sea-level change
reef ecosystems
coelenterates
lidar
digital elevation models
None
seafloor elevation
sea level rise
seafloor accretion
seafloor erosion
elevation change
altimetry
submerged topography
Global Change Master Science Directory
OCEAN > BATHYMETRY/SEAFLOOR TOPOGRAPHY > WATER DEPTH
OCEAN > COASTAL PROCESSES > COASTAL ELEVATION
OCEAN > COASTAL PROCESSES > CORAL REEFS
OCEAN > COASTAL PROCESSES > EROSION
OCEAN > COASTAL PROCESSES > SEA LEVEL RISE
DOI/USGS/CMG > COASTAL AND MARINE GEOLOGY, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR
GCMD Instrument
LIDAR > LIGHT DETECTION AND RANGING
Geographic Names Information System
Miami
Deerfield Beach
Homestead
Florida Keys
Florida
None
Florida Reef Tract
None
submerged
seafloor
None
2014-2039
none
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research.
Kimberly K. Yates
Southeast Region: Saint Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Research Oceanographer
mailing and physical
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
United States
727-502-8059
kyates@usgs.gov
John C. Brock
C. Wayne Wright
Matt Patterson
Amar Nayegandhi
Judd Patterson
Melanie S. Harris
Lance Mosher
2006
EAARL Submarine Topography—Biscayne National Park
U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
2006-1118
St. Petersburg, FL
U.S. Geological Survey
https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1118/
John C. Brock
C. Wayne Wright
Amar Nayegandhi
Matt Patterson
Iris Wilson
Laurenda J. Travers
2007
EAARL Submarine Topography – Northern Florida Keys Reef Tract
U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report
2007-1432
St. Petersburg, FL
U.S. Geological Survey
https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1432/
Datasets were visually compared (with other overlapping datasets, satellite images, and maps) by USGS staff in Esri ArcGIS for identification of anomalous elevations or data inconsistencies. Where elevation inconsistencies occurred, the most recent and/or highest resolution dataset was selected for use in that region.
Data cover area specified for this project, without known issues.
This dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract section. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record and Yates and others (2017) carefully for additional details.
The horizontal accuracy of bathymetric and topographic features in the DEM (NOAA, 2015) is dependent upon DEM cell size and the accuracy of the input datasets used to determine corresponding cell values. Topography: 10 meters. Positional accuracy of input topographic datasets limits accuracy of corresponding cell values in DEM. U.S. Geological Survey National Elevation Dataset (USGS NED) topography: 10 meters, Lidar: less than 1 meter. DEM cell-value relative-contribution factors: Lidar: 1000 to 10, Topographic DEM: 10, USGS NED: 1. Bathymetry: less than 1 meter to a few kilometers. Positional accuracy of input bathymetric datasets limits accuracy of corresponding cell values in DEM. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE): ~ 5 meters, Multibeam data: ranging from less than 1 meter to 10 meters . DEM cell-value relative-contribution factors: USACE and National Ocean Services (NOS) hydrographic surveys: 100, Multibeam: 1, Bathymetric lidar: 10, Bathymetric pre-surface: 1.
The vertical accuracy of bathymetric and topographic features in the DEM (NOAA, 2015) is dependent upon the accuracy of the input datasets used to determine corresponding cell values. Topography: 9 centimeters to 1 meter. Vertical accuracy of input topographic datasets limits accuracy of corresponding cells in DEM. DEM cell-value relative-contribution factors: Lidar: 1000 to 10, Topographic DEM: 10, NED: 1. Bathymetry: less than 1 meter to 5 percent (%) of water depth. Vertical accuracy of input bathymetric datasets limits accuracy of corresponding cells in DEM. NOS hydrographic surveys: about 1% of water depth. DEM cell-value relative-contribution factors: USACE and NOS hydrographic surveys: 100, Multibeam: 1, Bathymetric lidar: 10, Bathymetric pre-surface: 1. Gridding interpolation to determine cell values between sparse soundings in deep water degrades the vertical accuracy of corresponding elevations.
National Centers for Environmental Information, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce
20150121
Miami 1/3 Arc-Second NAVD 88 Coastal Digital Elevation Model
NetCDF
Silver Spring, MD
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
https://data.nodc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/iso?id=gov.noaa.ngdc.mgg.dem:5166
Digital Elevation Model
19280101
20140423
ground condition
Miami DEM
The Miami DEM was used as the starting elevation dataset, which was modified to calculate future seafloor elevations.
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
20170113
Unified Florida Reef Tract Map Version 2.0
Shapefile
St. Petersburg, FL
Fish and Wildlife Research Institute
http://ocean.floridamarine.org/IntegratedReefMap/UnifiedReefTract.htm
Vector digital data
19910101
20130101
ground condition
Habitat file
This shapefile was used to divide the DEM by habitat types using Unified Classification (UC) Class Level 2.
Kimberly K. Yates, David G. Zawada, Stephanie R. Arsenault
2018
Projected Seafloor Elevation Change in the Upper Florida Keys 25, 50, 75, and 100 Years From 2002
CSV
St. Petersburg, FL
U.S. Geological Survey
https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CI9LNH
Tabular digital data
19300101
20020101
ground condition
Upper Florida Keys Projected Seafloor Elevation Change
This data release contains the UFK projected seafloor elevation change for 13 habitat types that were applied to the Miami DEM.
Step 1: The original Miami 1/3 arc-second NAVD 88 Coastal DEM was downloaded from https://data.nodc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/iso?id=gov.noaa.ngdc.mgg.dem:5166. The network common data format (netCDF) DEM file was converted to a tagged image file format (TIFF) using Blue Marble Global Mapper version 19.1.0. All remaining steps were completed with Esri ArcGIS Desktop Advanced version 10.6. Using the original TIFF, a footprint of the DEM was created with the "Reclassify (Spatial Analyst)" tool in ArcToolbox by replacing all old data values with 1 and the "No Data" value with 0 to create a raster file. Then, the "Raster to Polygon (Conversion)" tool was used to create a footprint of the original Miami DEM by converting the raster file to a polygon shapefile (SHP).
2018
Step 2: The original Unified Florida Reef Tract Map version 2.0 polygon SHP file was downloaded from http://ocean.floridamarine.org/IntegratedReefMap/UnifiedReefTract.htm. Using Esri ArcGIS, the original habitat SHP file was modified using the "Clip (Analysis)" tool to clip the habitat SHP file to the extent of the original Miami DEM footprint (from Step 1) by specifying the habitat SHP file as the 'Input Features' and the DEM footprint SHP file as the 'Clip Features'. Then Artificial, Land, and Mangrove areas (ClassLv2) were removed from the habitat SHP file using the "Select by Attribute" tool to select the three habitat types and the "Editor Toolbox" to delete them.
2018
Step 3: The original Miami DEM TIFF (from Step 1), was clipped to the extent of the modified habitat SHP file (from Step 2) using the "Clip (Data Management)" tool in Esri ArcGIS by specifying the Miami DEM TIFF as the 'Input Raster' and the modified habitat SHP file as the 'Output Extent'. The clipped TIFF was used to extract two shoreline contours with the "Contour List (Spatial Analyst)" tool by adding 'Contour values' for 0-meter (m) and -0.4 m contours. The shoreline contour SHP file was manually connected across inlets and gaps using the "Straight Segment" tool in the "Editor Toolbox" to draw straight lines between the seaward most points of channels or other breaks along the coastline. The backshore was removed from the contour SHP file by using the "Buffer (Analysis)" tool with a 'Distance Linear unit' of 1000 m. Then the shoreline contour was smoothed with the "Smooth Line (Cartography)" tool using the Polynomial Approximation with Exponential Kernel (PAEK) smoothing algorithm and a 50-m smoothing tolerance. Using the extended contour SHP file, a polygon SHP file was created using the "Feature to Polygon (Data Management)" tool by specifying the contour SHP file as the 'Input Features', to create the Coastal Clip SHP file. The clipped DEM TIFF was modified further using the "Clip (Data Management)" tool to remove coastal land areas by adding the DEM TIFF as the 'Input Raster' and the Coastal Clip SHP file as the 'Output Extent’, creating the Miami_ElevationSurface_OriginalClip TIFF.
2018
Step 4: The clipped habitat SHP file (from Step 2) was modified by removing coastal land areas using the "Clip (Analysis)" tool with the habitat SHP file as the 'Input Features' and the Coastal Clip SHP file (from Step 3) as the 'Clip Features', creating the Miami_Habitat_Clip SHP file.
2018
Step 5: Mean future elevation for each habitat type in the Miami_ElevationSurface_OriginalClip DEM was calculated by applying previously published mean erosion rates in the Upper Florida Keys (UFK) that were projected 25 years into the future from the year 2002 (Yates and others, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CI9LNH). Mean erosion rates in the UFK were compiled by habitat type into a comma separated values (CSV) file using Microsoft Excel 2016.
2018
Step 6: Using the Miami_Habitat_Clip SHP file, in Esri ArcGIS, individual polygon SHP files were created for each habitat type using the "Select by Attribute" tool and exporting each habitat type as a separate SHP file. Individual DEMs were created from the Miami_ElevationSurface_OriginalClip TIFF using the "Clip (Data Management)" tool to clip the full DEM to the extent of each habitat type SHP file by specifying the Miami_ElevationSurface_OriginalClip as the 'Input Raster' and the habitat type SHP file as the 'Output Extent'. The "Raster Calculator (Spatial Analyst)" tool was used to project future erosion rates per habitat type by modifying individual habitat DEMs by adding or subtracting the corresponding 'Mean projected erosion 25 years from 2002 in the Upper Florida Keys (m/25 years)' from the 25_Year_Miami_Seafloor_Projection_MeanErosion CSV file. For habitats present in the Miami_Habitat_Clip SHP file, but not present in the UFK (Dredged/Excavated, Ridge and Tidal Flats), the mean erosion rate for the total UFK study site was applied. Individual habitat DEMs were merged together using the "Mosaic to New Raster (Data Management)" tool with the 'Pixel Type' set to 32_BIT_FLOAT, 'Number of Bands' set to 1 and the 'Mosaic Operator' set to MEAN to create the final 25_Year_Miami_Seafloor_Projection_DEM_MeanErosion TIFF file.
2018
Raster
Grid Cell
11557
2776
1
9.259259E-5
9.259259E-5
Decimal degrees
World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84)
WGS_1984
6378137.0
298.257223563
North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88) GEOID03
0.2
meters
Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
25_Year_Miami_Seafloor_Projection_MeanErosion.csv
This file contains elevation statistics, provided in CSV format, for each habitat type found in the UFK. These data were used to compute the 25-year (from 2014) mean projected erosion in the Miami section of the Florida Reef Tract.
USGS
Habitat types in Miami study site
The habitat types found in the Miami section of the Florida Reef Tract. Habitat types are defined by the Unified Florida Reef Tract Map Version 2.0 and based on the Unified Classification (UC) system Class Level 2.
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC)
Total study site
The total Miami study site, includes 16 habitat types. Artificial, Land and Mangrove habitats were removed.
USGS
Aggregate reef
Aggregate reef larger than 1 hectare (ha), contiguous reef, lacking sand channels.
FWC
Colonized pavement
Contiguous to patchy pavement, lacking spur and groove channel formation, presence of macroalgae, hard coral, gorgonians, and other sessile invertebrates, dense enough to obscure underlying rock.
FWC
Dredged and excavated
Dredged and excavated areas.
FWC
Individual or aggregated patch reef
Patch reefs smaller than 1 ha, isolated reefs often with distinct halo or reef features covering >10% of the area.
FWC
Not classified
Areas where habitat has not been classified.
FWC
Pavement
Contiguous to patchy pavement, lacking spur and groove channel formations.
FWC
Pavement with sand channels
Alternating linear sand and pavement formations, perpendicular to reef crest.
FWC
Pavement with seagrass
Contiguous to patchy pavement, lacking spur and groove channel formations with seagrass.
FWC
Reef rubble
Unconsolidated, dead, unstable coral rubble.
FWC
Ridge
Linear, shore-parallel, low-relief features, potentially ancient shoreline deposits.
FWC
Scattered rock or coral in unconsolidated sediment
Less than 150 square meters, mostly sand, reef features covering <10% of the area.
FWC
Seagrass continuous
Continuous seagrass beds.
FWC
Seagrass discontinuous
Discontinuous seagrass beds.
FWC
Spur and groove
Alternating linear sand and coral formations, perpendicular to the reef crest.
FWC
Tidal flats
Tidal flats
FWC
Unconsolidated sediment
Unconsolidated sediment
FWC
Mean projected erosion 25 years from 2002 in the Upper Florida Keys (m/25 years)
The mean projected erosion 25 years from 2002, in meters, derived from the Upper Florida Keys elevation change study.
USGS
-0.3630
-0.1311
meters
Max elevation in the 25 year Miami seafloor projection DEM (m)
Maximum projected seafloor elevation 25 years from 2014, in meters.
USGS
-4.78430
0.578500
meters
Min elevation in the 25 year Miami seafloor projection DEM (m)
Minimum projected seafloor elevation 25 years from 2014, in meters.
USGS
-58.5136
-2.4694
meters
Mean elevation in the 25 year Miami seafloor projection DEM (m)
Mean projected seafloor elevation 25 years from 2014, in meters.
USGS
-18.3904
-0.83140
meters
SD (m)
Standard deviation, in meters
USGS
0.508227
10.90963
meters
Kimberly K. Yates
Southeast Region: Saint Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Research Oceanographer
mailing and physical
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
United States
727-502-8059
kyates@usgs.gov
Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
SHP, CSV, TIF
ArcGIS 10.6, RFC 4180
Esri Polygon Shapefile, comma-separated values, tagged image file format
https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9FNHR4Z/data/25_Year_Miami_Seafloor_Projection_DEM_MeanErosion.zip
https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9FNHR4Z/data/Miami_Habitat_OriginalClip.zip
https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9FNHR4Z/data/Miami_ElevationSurface_OriginalClip.zip
https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9FNHR4Z/data/25_Year_Miami_Seafloor_Projection_MeanErosion.zip
None
20190508
Kimberly K. Yates
Southeast Region: Saint Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
Research Oceanographer
mailing and physical
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
United States
727-502-8059
kyates@usgs.gov
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998