Metadata:
  Identification_Information:
    Citation:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Alexander C. Seymour
        Originator: Kara S. Doran
        Originator: Margaret L. Palmsten
        Publication_Date: 20260310
        Title: First Infrastructure Line Vector, North Carolina (2018-2021)
        Edition: 1.0
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
        Larger_Work_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: Alexander C. Seymour
            Originator: Kara S. Doran
            Originator: Margaret L. Palmsten
            Publication_Date: 20260310
            Title: First Infrastructure Line Vector, North Carolina
            Series_Information:
              Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey data release
              Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P9GL68X8
            Publication_Information:
              Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, FL
              Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
            Other_Citation_Details: 2026a
            Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GL68X8
    Description:
      Abstract: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) supports multiple efforts to understand and predict storm impacts to our nation's coastlines. The first infrastructure line is defined as the seaward boundary of the first row of structures or roads in a coastal area and can be used to assess coastal vulnerability. The first infrastructure line as defined in this dataset represents a cross shore boundary where the most intense hold-the-line management actions are likely to be taken to prevent further landward transgression of the foredune. Certain built features, which often extend far seaward from primary residences and commercial buildings, including boardwalks, swimming pools, gazebos, and sheds, are not included in this first infrastructure line. This dataset is optimized for use in measuring the distance between the first infrastructure line and seaward protective features, particularly coastal dunes. The first infrastructure line in North Carolina (NC) was digitized along the developed ocean-fronting portion of the coastline using imagery/orthomosaics collected by the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP), National Geodetic Survey (NGS), and the Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri)between 8/26/2018 and 7/16/2021.
      Purpose: To provide the seaward boundary of the first infrastructure line as a vector shapefile (.shp). The methods used to digitize these data are described in "Decadal-scale characteristics of natural and anthropogenic dune morphology along North Carolina barrier islands (SE Atlantic coast)" by Seymour and others (2026b) and are also described in the process steps of this metadata record.
    Time_Period_of_Content:
      Time_Period_Information:
        Range_of_Dates/Times:
          Beginning_Date: 20180826
          Ending_Date: 20210913
      Currentness_Reference: ground condition
    Status:
      Progress: Complete
      Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
    Spatial_Domain:
      Bounding_Coordinates:
        West_Bounding_Coordinate: -78.516845
        East_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.461508
        North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.5496588
        South_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.843362
    Keywords:
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier
        Theme_Keyword: USGS:daf5f6fc-198c-4bab-b400-3d868789b833
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
        Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
        Theme_Keyword: oceans
        Theme_Keyword: environment
        Theme_Keyword: structure
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus
        Theme_Keyword: hazards
        Theme_Keyword: marine geology
        Theme_Keyword: ocean sciences
        Theme_Keyword: coastal processes
        Theme_Keyword: erosion
        Theme_Keyword: floods
        Theme_Keyword: geospatial datasets
      Theme:
        Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
        Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
        Theme_Keyword: USGS
        Theme_Keyword: St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
        Theme_Keyword: SPCMSC
        Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
        Theme_Keyword: CMHRP
        Theme_Keyword: Coastal Change Hazards
        Theme_Keyword: CCH
      Place:
        Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
        Place_Keyword: North Carolina
        Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean
    Access_Constraints: None
    Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originators of the data in future products or derivative research.
    Point_of_Contact:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Organization_Primary:
          Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
          Contact_Person: Kara S. Doran
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing and physical
          Address: 600 4th Street South
          City: Saint Petersburg
          State_or_Province: FL
          Postal_Code: 33701
          Country: United States
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8117
        Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8001
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kdoran@usgs.gov
    Native_Data_Set_Environment: Windows 10 Enterprise 21H2 (Build 19044.1826); Esri ArcGIS Pro 2.7.1
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Alexander C. Seymour
        Originator: Daniel J. Ciarletta 
        Originator: Kara S. Doran
        Originator: Margaret L. Palmsten
        Publication_Date: 20260305
        Title: Decadal-scale characteristics of natural and anthropogenic dune morphology along North Carolina barrier islands (SE Atlantic coast)
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: Journal of Coastal Research
          Issue_Identification: Unknown
        Other_Citation_Details: 2026b
        Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-25-00053.1
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Chelsea A. Stalk
        Originator: Karen L.M. Morgan
        Originator: Jenna A. Brown
        Originator: Christopher R. Sherwood
        Publication_Date: 20200408
        Title: Ground Control Point Locations, Elevations and Photographs From North Topsail Beach and Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, June 2019
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey data release
          Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P9R9DPFS
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida
          Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
        Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9R9DPFS
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: Jenna A. Brown
        Originator: Christopher R. Sherwood
        Originator: Marinna Martini
        Originator: Christine J. Kranenburg
        Originator: Jin-Si R. Over
        Publication_Date: 20210408
        Title: Ground Control Point Data from the Outer Banks, North Carolina, post-Hurricane Dorian, September 2019
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey data release
          Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P9DVZC23
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida
          Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
        Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DVZC23
    Cross_Reference:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
        Publication_Date: 1974
        Title: North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act of 1974
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Raleigh, NC
          Publisher: North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality
        Online_Linkage: https://deq.nc.gov/about/divisions/coastal-management/coastal-management-rules-regulations/coastal-area-management-act
  Data_Quality_Information:
    Logical_Consistency_Report: No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted.
    Completeness_Report: This dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract section. Alongshore gaps are present in the first infrastructure line vector where no infrastructure exits within 500 m of the shoreline. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. 
    Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
        Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Cumulative cross shore positional uncertainties of the first infrastructure line are provided for each segment. In this study, cumulative uncertainty is the summation of the georeferencing error of the utilized source imagery, one half of the pixel resolution of the source imagery, and the digitizing error. The National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) NGS imagery georeferencing error is represented by the horizontal error published with the source imagery. The Esri basemap imagery (collected by the North Carolina CGIA) georeferencing error was derived from 11 checkpoints in Onslow Bay, NC and 16 checkpoints in the Northern Outer Banks, NC that were recorded in 2019 and published in two different surveys: Stalk and others (2020); Brown and others (2021). The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) NAIP imagery georeferencing errors were derived by comparing the positional offset of recognizable and discrete marks (such as tennis court, parking space, and crosswalks) on the ground between the Esri basemap (treated as a control) and NAIP imagery. Twenty-seven marks in Onslow Bay and 15 in the Northern Outer Banks were used for this purpose. NAIP imagery georeferencing errors are the positional offsets from the marks on the control, plus the georeferencing error of the Esri basemap imagery from the respective Onslow Bay or Northern Outer Banks region. The control points recorded in 2019 could not be used to measure the error of the NAIP imagery because not enough control points from the survey were visible in the NAIP imagery. Digitizing errors were derived by re-digitizing an additional first infrastructure line across 20.4 kilometers (km) on Oak Island, NC. The cross-shore distance between the original infrastructure line and the second infrastructure line was recorded at 10 meters (m) alongshore intervals. The digitizing error is the mean of the cross-shore distances recorded on these transects (0.99 m). All editing and calculations were conducted in ArcGIS Pro version 2.7. The final dataset is projected to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 1983) National Spatial Reference System (NSRS2007) Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 18 North (UTM 18N) coordinate system.
    Lineage:
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: North Carolina Center for Geographic Information and Analysis
            Publication_Date: 20151113
            Title: Imagery Hybrid
            Publication_Information:
              Publication_Place: ArcGIS Online
              Publisher: Esri
            Online_Linkage: https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=28f49811a6974659988fd279de5ce39f 
        Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Range_of_Dates/Times:
              Beginning_Date: 20200115
              Ending_Date: 20210913
          Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Esri basemap
        Source_Contribution: Orthomosaics were used to reference the seaward boundary of the first infrastructure line during manual digitization, and to identify qualifying and non-qualifying structures.
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: United States Department of Agriculture National Agriculture Imagery Program
            Publication_Date: 20191226
            Title: 2018 North Carolina NAIP Digital Ortho Photo Imagery
            Publication_Information:
              Publication_Place: Charleston, SC
              Publisher: NOAA
            Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/58387
        Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Range_of_Dates/Times:
              Beginning_Date: 20180826
              Ending_Date: 20181222
          Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USDA NAIP imagery
        Source_Contribution: Orthomosaics were used to reference the seaward boundary of the first infrastructure line during manual digitization, and to identify qualifying and non-qualifying structures.
      Source_Information:
        Source_Citation:
          Citation_Information:
            Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Geodetic Survey
            Publication_Date: 202203
            Title: 2020 NOAA NGS Ortho-rectified Color Mosaic Hurricane Florence: NC, SC, and VA
            Publication_Information:
              Publication_Place: Charleston, SC
              Publisher: NOAA Office for Coastal Management, National Geodetic Survey
            Online_Linkage: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/inport/item/66699
        Type_of_Source_Media: raster digital data
        Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
          Time_Period_Information:
            Range_of_Dates/Times:
              Beginning_Date: 20200105
              Ending_Date: 20200417
          Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
        Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA NGS imagery
        Source_Contribution: Orthomosaics were used to reference the seaward boundary of the first infrastructure line during manual digitization, and to identify qualifying and non-qualifying structures.
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description: Several sets of aerial and satellite imagery were used as a reference for this digitizing project, including imagery/orthomosaics from Esri, USDA NAIP, and NOAA NGS. Survey dates for the reference imagery range from 8/26/2018 to 9/13/2021. The imagery set used for a given reach of coast was determined by the available imageries’ perspective, published error, and pixel resolution. A purely nadir perspective (viewing angle directly perpendicular to the earth’s surface) of buildings, or an off-nadir viewing angle that allowed for the seaward facing side of a structure to be visible was required for an image to be used for digitization. Among images that satisfied this perspective requirement, imagery with more constrained horizontal errors and finer pixel resolutions were preferred. 
        Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Esri basemap
        Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: USDA NAIP imagery
        Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA NGS imagery
        Process_Date: 20211101
        Process_Contact: 
          Contact_Information:
            Contact_Person_Primary:
                Contact_Person: Alexander C. Seymour
                Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
            Contact_Position: Physical Scientist
            Contact_Address:
              Address_Type: mailing and physical
              Address: 600 4th Street South
              City: Saint Petersburg
              State_or_Province: FL
              Postal_Code: 33701
              Country: United States
            Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8122
            Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8001
            Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: aseymour@usgs.gov
      Process_Step: 
        Process_Description: Digitization was conducted by a single researcher at 1:1,300 – 1:550 mapping scales in ArcGIS Pro version 2.7. The ArcGIS Pro editor toolbar was used to draw polylines alongshore. The first infrastructure line as defined in this dataset represents a cross-shore boundary where the most intense hold-the-line management actions are likely to be taken to prevent further landward transgression of the foredune. As such, digitization of this line required basic review of state statutes; in this case, the North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act of 1974 (North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, 1974). According to North Carolina state statute, certain built structures can be classified as “threatened structures”, which can qualify them for elevated levels of protection including geotextile sandbag armoring. However, certain built features which often extend far seaward from primary residences and commercial buildings cannot be designated as “threatened structures”, including boardwalks, swimming pools, gazebos, and sheds. Thus, the aforementioned built features were ignored during digitization. This product was generated to facilitate calculation of coastal resilience metrics, specifically the distance between the dune crest and first infrastructure line. In some circumstances, limited, intermittent coastal retreat can occur among the line of first infrastructure, resulting in isolated clusters of buildings with more seaward positions than immediately adjacent dune crests. To ensure that dune crest/infrastructure distances derived from this data can be sensitive to this condition, we connected alongshore gaps in the first infrastructure line less than 200 m long. This produced negative infrastructure/dune crest distances, which may indicate areas where the primary foredune is infiltrating the first infrastructure line. For more information, please refer to Seymour and others (2026b).
        Process_Date: 20211101
        Process_Contact: 
          Contact_Information:
            Contact_Person_Primary:
                Contact_Person: Alexander C. Seymour
                Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
            Contact_Position: Physical Scientist
            Contact_Address:
              Address_Type: mailing and physical
              Address: 600 4th Street South
              City: Saint Petersburg
              State_or_Province: FL
              Postal_Code: 33701
              Country: United States
            Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8122
            Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8001
            Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: aseymour@usgs.gov
      Process_Step:
        Process_Description: Uncertainty, source imagery, and state attributes were added to the attribute table of the digitized first infrastructure line segments using ArcGIS Pro's "Add Field" function and manual entry of values. ArcGIS Pro version 2.7 was used for these processes.
        Process_Date: 20221219
        Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: NC_First_Infrastructure_Line.shp
        Process_Contact: 
          Contact_Information:
            Contact_Person_Primary:
                Contact_Person: Alexander C. Seymour
                Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
            Contact_Position: Physical Scientist
            Contact_Address:
              Address_Type: mailing and physical
              Address: 600 4th Street South
              City: Saint Petersburg
              State_or_Province: FL
              Postal_Code: 33701
              Country: United States
            Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8122
            Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8001
            Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: aseymour@usgs.gov
  Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
    Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
    Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
      SDTS_Terms_Description:
        SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String
        Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 44
  Spatial_Reference_Information:
    Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Planar:
        Grid_Coordinate_System:
          Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
          Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
            UTM_Zone_Number: 18N
            Transverse_Mercator:
              Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
              Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75.0
              Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0
              False_Easting: 500000.0
              False_Northing: 0.0
        Planar_Coordinate_Information:
          Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
          Coordinate_Representation:
            Abscissa_Resolution: 0.001
            Ordinate_Resolution: 0.001
          Planar_Distance_Units: meters
      Geodetic_Model:
        Horizontal_Datum_Name: NAD 1983 (NSRS2007)
        Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980
        Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
        Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101
  Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
    Detailed_Description:
      Entity_Type:
        Entity_Type_Label: NC_First_Infrastructure_Line.shp
        Entity_Type_Definition: Polyline shapefile of the first infrastructure line for North Carolina.
        Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: FID
        Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Shape
        Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Shape_Leng
        Attribute_Definition: Length of line segment, in meters.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 155.610335
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 45904.093541
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Segment
        Attribute_Definition: First infrastructure line segment identification number, ordered from north to south.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Range_Domain:
            Range_Domain_Minimum: 1
            Range_Domain_Maximum: 44
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Source_Img
        Attribute_Definition: Character string representing the publisher of the imagery sources used to digitize the first infrastructure line on a given segment. If multiple sources were used, each were separated by a comma.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Enumerated_Domain:
            Enumerated_Domain_Value: ESRI
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Esri basemap imagery was used to digitize the first infrastructure line segment.
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Enumerated_Domain:
            Enumerated_Domain_Value: USDA
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: USDA NAIP imagery was used to digitize the first infrastructure line segment.
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Enumerated_Domain:
            Enumerated_Domain_Value: NGS
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: NOAA NGS imagery used to digitize the first infrastructure line segment.
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: State
        Attribute_Definition: Character string representing the state where the segment is found.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Enumerated_Domain:
            Enumerated_Domain_Value: North Carolina
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The state where the segment is located.
            Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS
      Attribute:
        Attribute_Label: Uncy
        Attribute_Definition: A string representing the cross-shore positional uncertainty of the first infrastructure line, in meters. An uncertainty is provided for each imagery source used on a given segment.
        Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS
        Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Unrepresentable_Domain: The uncertainty for each source image used separated by a comma. The order of the provided uncertainties follows the order of the source images listed in the Source_Img attribute.
  Distribution_Information:
    Distributor:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Organization_Primary:
          Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
          Contact_Person: USGS SPCMSC Data Management
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing and physical
          Address: 600 4th Street South
          City: Saint Petersburg
          State_or_Province: FL
          Postal_Code: 33701
          Country: United States
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov
    Resource_Description: NC_First_Infrastructure_Line.shp
    Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
    Standard_Order_Process:
      Digital_Form:
        Digital_Transfer_Information:
          Format_Name: shapefile
          File_Decompression_Technique: The data download file is compressed and must be unzipped using software such as WinZip, 7Zip, etc. before use.
        Digital_Transfer_Option:
          Online_Option:
            Computer_Contact_Information:
              Network_Address:
                Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9GL68X8/data/NC_First_Infrastructure_Line.zip
            Access_Instructions: None
      Fees: None
  Metadata_Reference_Information:
    Metadata_Date: 20260310
    Metadata_Contact:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Organization_Primary:
          Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
          Contact_Person: USGS SPCMSC Data Management
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing and physical
          Address: 600 4th Street South
          City: Saint Petersburg
          State_or_Province: FL
          Postal_Code: 33701
          Country: United States
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8000
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gs-g-spcmsc_data_inquiries@usgs.gov
    Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
    Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
    Metadata_Time_Convention: local time