Jennifer A. Flannery Julie N. Richey Lauren T. Toth Madelyn J. Mette 20231211 tabular digital data Jennifer A. Flannery Julie N. Richey Lauren T. Toth Madelyn J. Mette 20231211 U.S. Geological Survey data release doi:10.5066/P9Q01QJJ St. Petersburg, FL U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Q01QJJ This data release contains new subannual Strontium/Calcium (Sr/Ca) and annual linear extension records from a colony of the massive coral, Orbicella faveolata. The colony was collected live from the Marquesas Keys, Florida (FL) in August 1980 from core MK1. The coral Sr/Ca paleothermometer can provide a powerful proxy for centennial-scale sea-surface temperature (SST) variability in the Caribbean/Atlantic Ocean region. Sr/Ca ratios act as a proxy for SST in the skeletons of aragonite producing organisms, such as massive corals. This is a new, 150-year proxy reconstruction (1830-1980 Common Era [C.E.]) of monthly-resolved Sr/Ca-based SST estimates from the coral species Orbicella faveolata collected from the Marquesas Keys, FL, USA. For more details on methods and the results of the study, refer to Flannery and others, 2024. Corals were collected under USGS field activity number (FAN) 1980-300-FA. Additional survey and data details are available on the Costal and Marine Geoscience Data System (CMGDS) at https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=1980-300-FA. 1733 2011 ground condition Complete None planned -82.1194 -82.1194 24.5719 24.5719 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:24c5a19b-9104-4ca5-8ece-03673f3273c0 ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans biota None coral paleoclimatology Sr/Ca Strontium/Calcium USGS Thesaurus coelenterates sea surface temperature climate change sclerochronology Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Marquesas Keys Florida Keys Florida Global Change Master Directory sea floor None Modern None Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of these data in future products or derivative research. Julie N. Richey U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center mailing and physical

600 4th St. South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727-502-8123 jrichey@usgs.gov Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 10 Enterprise Version 22H2 Flannery, J.A., Richey, J.N., Toth, L.T., and Mette, M.J. 20240223 Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology Volume 39, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1029/2023PA004748 Flannery, J.A., Richey, J.N., Thirumalai, K., Poore, R.Z., and DeLong, K.L. 20170115 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Volume 466 Pages 100-109 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.10.022 Flannery, J.A., Richey, J.N., Toth, L.T., Kuffner, I.B., and Poore, R.Z. 20180706 Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology Volume 33, Issue 9 Pages 958-973 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018PA003389 DeLong, K.L., Flannery, J.A., Maupin, C.R., Poore, R.Z., and Quinn, T.M. 20110701 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Volume 307, Issues 1-4 Pages 117-128 https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.005 DeLong, K.L., Flannery, J.A., Poore, R.Z., Quinn, T.M., Maupin, C.R., Lin, K., and Shen, C.C. 20140415 Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology Volume 29, Issue 5 Pages 403-422 https://doi.org/doi:10.1002/2013PA002524 No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected the coral core used in this study in the southern area of the Marquesas Keys (24.5719° North, 82.1194° West) in August 1980 (O. faveolata colony, core MK1) using a rotary corer. Subsampling of the coral colony (core MK1) was completed using a tri-axial micromill with a 0.5 millimeter (mm) forward increment, 1.5 mm cut depth, and a 0.5 mm drill bit along a continuous thecal wall. Between 88 and 237 micrograms (μg) of subsampled skeletal powder was weighed out for each sample from each of the coral colonies and acidified using ultrapure 2% nitric acid (HNO3) to obtain sample solutions with a target Ca concentration of 20 parts per million (ppm). A PerkinElmer 7300 dual view inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used to make the Sr/Ca determinations. The resulting Sr/Ca annual cycles were used to compute annual linear extension rates by measuring the distance between each summer peak. The Marquesas Keys (core MK1) Sr/Ca data were incorporated into an existing composite record spanning the Dry Tortugas region (Flannery and others, 2017). 2018 MK1_Sr_Ca_LER_1830_1980.csv, MK1_Sr_Ca_LER_1830_1980.xlsx These files contain attribute information for the subannual Sr/Ca and annual linear extension rate data collected from a modern Orbicella faveolata colony (core MK1) spanning 1830-1980. When viewing MK1_Sr_Ca_LER_1830_1980.csv, please note that when no data is available, the cell was either left blank or a 'NaN' value was used. The data are published as a comma separated values file (.csv) and a Microsoft Excel file (.xlsx). USGS Date MK1 Sub Annual Date in the format of YYYY.XXX for the subannual Sr/Ca data for coral core MK1 (Orbicella faveolata). USGS 1830.125 1980.874 Decimal Year MK1 Sub Annual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) Sub Annual Sr/Ca millimole per mole (mmol/mol) values for coral core MK1 (Orbicella faveolata). USGS 8.876 9.665 mmol/mol Date MK1 Mean Annual Date in the format of YYYY for the mean annual Sr/Ca data for coral core MK1 USGS 1830 1980 Year (C.E.) MK1 Mean Annual Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) Mean Annual Sr/Ca millimole per mole (mmol/mol) values for coral core MK1 (Orbicella faveolata). USGS NaN No data available USGS 9.146 9.416 mmol/mol Date MK1 Linear Extension Date in the format of YYYY for the corresponding linear extension rate values. USGS 1830 1979 Year (C.E.) MK1 Linear Extension (cm/yr) Annual linear extension rates for coral core MK1 (Orbicella faveolata) in centimeters per year (cm/yr). USGS NaN No data available USGS 0.55 1.85 cm/yr Date Composite Date in the format of YYYY for the corresponding composite SST (°C) values. USGS 1733 2011 Year (C.E.) Full Composite SST (°C) Stacked Sr/Ca-SST (°C) data. Data was produced by independently calibrating the MK1 Sr/Ca record to the Orbicella faveolata species-specific calibration equation (Flannery and others, 2018) and stacking the MK1 record together with ten previously-published Sr/Ca-SST records (Flannery and others, 2017, 2018; DeLong and others, 2011, 2014). USGS 23.822 27.124 Degrees Celsius O. faveolata Composite SST (°C) Stacked Sr/Ca-SST (°C) data. Data was produced by independently calibrating the MK1 Sr/Ca record to the Orbicella faveolata species-specific calibration equation (Flannery and others, 2018) and stacking the MK1 record together with five previously-published Sr/Ca-SST records (Flannery and others, 2017, 2018). USGS NaN No data available USGS 21.304 27.343 Degrees Celsius The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the dataset. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as fields/table entries of the dataset. The entity and attribute information was generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. Julie N. Richey U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center mailing and physical

600 4th St. South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727-502-8123 jrichey@usgs.gov MK1_Sr_Ca_LER_1830_1980.csv, MK1_Sr_Ca_LER_1830_1980.xlsx This publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. comma-delimited text, Microsoft Excel format None https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9Q01QJJ/data/MK1_Sr_Ca_LER_1830_1980.zip None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the dataset. 20240712 Julie N. Richey U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Research Geologist mailing and physical

600 4th St. South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727-502-8123 jrichey@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998