Metadata: Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Joseph F. Terrano Originator: Kathryn E.L. Smith Originator: Jonathan L. Pitchford Originator: Michael Archer Originator: Michael Brochard Publication_Date: 20210723 Title: Vectorized marsh shorelines derived from global positioning system data for the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in Mississippi from 2013-2020 Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Vector Digital Data Set (Polyline) Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Joseph F. Terrano Originator: Kathryn E.L. Smith Originator: Jonathan L. Pitchford Originator: Michael Archer Originator: Michael Brochard Publication_Date: 20210723 Title: Shorelines from High-resolution WorldView Satellite Imagery, Real-time Kinematic Global Positioning Data, and Aerial Imagery for 2013 to 2020 for Study Sites Within Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Mississippi Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey data release Issue_Identification: doi:10.5066/P9W8TNQM Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St. Petersburg, Florida Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W8TNQM Description: Abstract: Shoreline change analysis is an important environmental monitoring tool for evaluating coastal exposure to erosion hazards, particularly for vulnerable habitats such as coastal wetlands where habitat loss is problematic world-wide. The increasing availability of high-resolution satellite imagery and emerging developments in analysis techniques support the implementation of these data into coastal management, including shoreline monitoring and change analysis. Geospatial shoreline data were created from a semi-automated methodology using WorldView (WV) satellite data between 2013 and 2020. The data were compared to contemporaneous field-surveyed Real-time Kinematic (RTK) Global Position System (GPS) data collected by the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve and digitized shorelines from U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) orthophotos. Field data for shoreline monitoring sites was also collected to aid interpretation of results. This data release contains digital vector shorelines, shoreline change calculations for all three remote sensing data sets, and field surveyed data. The data will aid managers and decision-makers in the adoption of high-resolution satellite imagery into shoreline monitoring activities, which will increase the spatial scale of shoreline change monitoring, provide rapid response to evaluate impacts of coastal erosion, and reduce cost of labor-intensive practices. For further information regarding data collection and/or processing methods, refer to the associated journal article (Smith and others, 2021). Purpose: This dataset contains shorelines derived from GPS data. The purpose of these data is for the calculation of shoreline change for marsh shorelines of the GBNERR from 2013-2020. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20130919 Ending_Date: 20201113 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.471897 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -88.391891 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.387815 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 30.321685 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Metadata Identifier Theme_Keyword: USGS:50d1957f-26b6-41dd-b63f-ab62d4717703 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: shoreline data Theme_Keyword: shoreline map Theme_Keyword: global positioning system Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: coastal processes Theme_Keyword: aerial photography Theme_Keyword: digitization Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: boundaries Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve Place_Keyword: Gulf of Mexico Place_Keyword: USA Place_Keyword: Mississippi Place_Keyword: MS Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: The U.S. Geological Survey requests to be acknowledged as originator of the data in future products or derivative research. This metadata record should be reviewed in its entirety to ensure specific data are suitable for other studies. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey St Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Joseph F. Terrano Contact_Position: Researcher III Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8047 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jterrano@contractor.usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: Acknowledgment of the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, as a data source would be appreciated in products developed from these data, and such acknowledgment as is standard for citation and legal practices. Sharing of new data layers developed directly from these data would also be appreciated by the U.S. Geological Survey staff. Users should be aware that comparisons with other datasets for the same area from other time periods may be inaccurate due to inconsistencies resulting from changes in photointerpretation, mapping conventions, and digital processes over time. These data are not legal documents and are not to be used as such. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Environment as of Metadata Creation: Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1909 (Build 18363.1441); Esri ArcGIS 10.5.1 (Build 7333) Service Pack N/A (Build N/A); AMBUR Version 4.0.4 and XTools Pro Version 17 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Hapke, C.J., Himmelstoss, E.A., Kratzmann, M.G., List, J.H. and Thieler, E.R. Publication_Date: 2011 Title: National assessment of shoreline change: Historical shoreline change along the New England and Mid-Atlantic coasts Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2010-1118 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, VA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101118 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Jackson, C.W., Jr. Publication_Date: 2010 Title: Basic User Guide for the AMBUR package for R, version 1.0a Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Unknown Publisher: Unknown Other_Citation_Details: User guide includes requirements for shorelines that are to be run through Analyzing Moving Boundaries Using R (AMBUR). Online_Linkage: http://ambur.r-forge.r-project.org/user/ambur%20basic%20user%20guide%201_0a.pdf. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Smith, K.E.L., Terrano, J.F., Pitchford, J.L., and Archer, M. Publication_Date: 20210802 Title: Coastal Wetland Shoreline Change Monitoring: A Comparison of Shorelines from High-Resolution WorldView Satellite Imagery, Aerial Imagery, and Field Surveys Series_Information: Series_Name: Special Issue, New Insights into Ecosystem Monitoring Using Geospatial Techniques Issue_Identification: Volume 13, Issue 15 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Basel, Switzerland Publisher: MDPI; Remote Sensing Other_Citation_Details: Associated journal article with additional methodology, data analysis, and results. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13153030 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. Logical_Consistency_Report: Vector shoreline features and attributes were checked for completeness and accuracy. Completeness_Report: Dataset is considered complete for the information presented. GPS shorelines do not have complete coverage over the entire study area. GPS shorelines were only collected at specific sites as points. The shorelines published here are a "connect the dots" version of the GPS shoreline and area in between GPS points might not accurately reflect the shoreline. For GPS point data see the point data metadata (Point_shorelines_GPS_2013_2020_metadata) with this data release. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the dataset has not been conducted. Elevation and water levels were not addressed in this study. For additional information on data collection techniques see the source metadata. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Several factors may influence the accuracy and uncertainty of shoreline position for vegetated shorelines, such as water level. Water level at the time of imagery collection was not taken into account when deriving shorelines. Published general uncertainty estimates for shorelines were used for all shorelines in this study based on the data source (satellite derived, aerial imagery, GPS). The GPS also has potential variations in shoreline positions from other published data due to variations in what the GPS data collection user interpreted as the shoreline. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Joseph F. Terrano, Kathryn E.L. Smith, Jonathan Pitchford, and Michael Brochard, and Michael Archer Publication_Date: 20200723 Title: Historical GPS Shorelines of the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve from 2013 to 2017 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: St Petersburg, Florida Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Shorelines were published with permission from the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. Data are published as both points and lines. Data contact for all GBNERR shorelines is Jonathan Pitchford (jonathan.pitchford@dmr.ms.gov). Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W8TNQM Type_of_Source_Media: digital data Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Multiple_Dates/Times: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20130919 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20140313 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20140520 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20140910 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20141117 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20150224 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20150608 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20150611 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20150922 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20151210 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20160301 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20160512 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20160815 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20161107 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20170120 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20170208 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20170420 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20170722 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20171005 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20171017 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20170501 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20170814 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20171108 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20180208 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20180509 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20180815 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20181023 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20181210 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20190206 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20190306 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20190507 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20190619 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20190807 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20200805 Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20201113 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Shorelines_GPS_2013_2020.shp Source_Contribution: GPS shoreline point data was provided by the GBNERR staff and published as part of this study as both GPS points and lines (https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W8TNQM). Process_Step: Process_Description: From 2013 to 2020, coastal managers’ survey shoreline position using Real-time Kinematic (RTK) GPS at eleven locations in GBNERR. GPS data were collected using a Trimble R8 Model 3 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and TSC3 data collector from 2013 to 2018, or a Trimble R10 GNSS system and TSC3 data collector from 2018 to 2020. Each were attached onto a 2-meter (m) graphite rod with a mounted foot to obtain both horizontal and vertical shoreline position. The positional accuracy of Trimble R8 Model 3 GPS points was ± 10 millimeters (mm) + 1 parts per million (ppm) root mean square (RMS) horizontal error and ± 20 mm + 1 ppm RMS vertical error. The horizontal error of the Trimble R10 GPS points was ± 8 mm + 0.5 ppm RMS and vertical error was ± 15 mm + 0.5 ppm RMS. The points were collected roughly 5 to 10 meters apart along the vegetation-water boundary, which typically represented the top of an erosional scarp. In instances where an erosional scarp was not visible, the most suitable shoreline position based on dense shoreline vegetation is mapped. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Vectorized GPS point-based shorelines for 2013-2020. Process_Date: 2021 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Jonathan L. Pitchford Contact_Position: Stewardship Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 6005 Bayou Heron Road City: Moss Point State_or_Province: MS Postal_Code: 39562 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 228-523-4009 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jonathan.pitchford@dmr.ms.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: GPS points were processed and turned into an ArcGIS shapefile. The points were converted into vector shorelines using XTools Pro (v.17) "polylines from points" tool. The location between each point was interpolated so the specific shoreline location between each point might not represent the actual shoreline position. To see the GPS points see the GPS point shapefile (GPS_pts_with_near_dist_2013_2020.shp) of this data release (https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W8TNQM). Process_Date: 2021 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Joseph F. Terrano Contact_Position: Researcher III Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St.Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8047 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jterrano@contractor.usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Shorelines were compiled from all available data sources as both previously published shorelines or ones created for this study. Regardless of the data source, shorelines were edited in ArcGIS (version 10.5) so that only the desired shorelines were included in the final dataset. Once shorelines were edited and checked, all dated shorelines were merged into a single dataset. Attributes were edited to include information regarding the date and source of the original data. Compiled shorelines were processed using the AMBUR statistical package for R (version 4.0.4) tool to add required missing attributes. AMBUR performs shoreline change analysis on vector digital shorelines. All necessary attribute fields must be present in order to run various AMBUR functions; the following fields are required for boundaries: "Id", "DATE_", "ACCURACY", "SHORE_LOC", "CLASS_1", "CLASS_2", "CLASS_3", and "GROUP". In order to determine if all the required fields were present in the merged boundary datasets, an AMBUR sub-routine (ambur.check) was used to check all shoreline shapefiles for missing attribute fields. For more information about the AMBUR shoreline requirements see the AMBUR user manual (Jackson, 2010). Some fields created by AMBUR ("SHORE_LOC", "CLASS_1", "CLASS_2", "CLASS_3", and "GROUP") are required and have null values as placeholders, thus they should not be used for any other analysis outside of AMBUR. Null fields were left in the results as they are required by AMBUR and are needed to replicate our study. Users are advised to review the data to determine if it is suitable for their studies. Process_Date: 2021 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Joseph F. Terrano Contact_Position: Researcher III Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 600 4th Street South City: St.Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8047 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jterrano@contractor.usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 289 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 16 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -87.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.6096 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.6096 Planar_Distance_Units: Meter Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_North_American_1983 Ellipsoid_Name: GRS_1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Shorelines_GPS_2013_2020.shp Entity_Type_Definition: Attribute table containing attribute information associated with the 2013 to 2020 Grand Bay MS/AL vectorized marsh shorelines. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Date_ Attribute_Definition: Date imagery was collected for the Mississippi and Alabama coast using the "MM/DD/YYYY HH:MM:SS" format. Additional information can be found in the "Year" field. The HH:MM:SS was set at 3:00:00 PM for all shorelines as a general placeholder. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 09/19/2013 3:00:00 PM Range_Domain_Maximum: 11/13/2020 3:00:00 PM Attribute: Attribute_Label: Year Attribute_Definition: 4-digit year in which the imagery was collected. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 2013 Range_Domain_Maximum: 2020 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Year Attribute: Attribute_Label: Accuracy Attribute_Definition: A value representing the shoreline position uncertainty associated with the imagery type, aerial imagery value was used for the GPS data, which was used in the shoreline change statistical computations reported by Hapke and others (2011). See cross reference section of this metadata for more information. Several factors may influence the accuracy and uncertainty of shoreline position for vegetated shorelines, such as water level. Water level at the time of imagery collection is largely unknown for most historical imagery, therefore USGS staff cannot account for shoreline positional errors associated with water level. Published uncertainty estimates in Hapke and others (2011) are for sandy shorelines but were applied to these shorelines. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: 5 Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Uncertainty of the shoreline position in meters. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Source Attribute_Definition: An identifier for the source of the vector shoreline data. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: GBNERR Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Data from the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve- Moss Point, MS. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: USGS Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Data from the USGS Coastal and Marine Science Center- St. Petersburg, FL. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute: Attribute_Label: Notes Attribute_Definition: Any data documentation notes. Attribute_Definition_Source: USGS Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: A text string describing the notation. Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE_Leng Attribute_Definition: System-generated attribute field, which was automatically created by ArcGIS to indicate the feature length. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.013884 Range_Domain_Maximum: 463.961706 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters Attribute: Attribute_Label: Id Attribute_Definition: Automatically generated number derived from AMBUR as a unique identifier for each row of data. Attribute_Definition_Source: AMBUR Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential, unique whole numbers that are automatically generated by AMBUR. Attribute is required by AMBUR program. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Type Attribute_Definition: Source data type used to derive the shoreline. Attribute_Definition_Source: AMBUR Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: GPS Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Shorelines derived from GPS data Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The entity and attribute information provided here describes the tabular data associated with the dataset. Please review the detailed descriptions that are provided (the individual attribute descriptions) for information on the values that appear as fields/table entries of the dataset. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. For details on AMBUR fields and analysis requirements, see Jackson (2010). Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey St Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Joseph F. Terrano Contact_Position: Researcher III Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8047 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jterrano@contractor.usgs.gov Resource_Description: Shorelines_GPS_2013_2020.shp Distribution_Liability: This digital publication was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution imply any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and (or) contained herein. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Shapefile Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://coastal.er.usgs.gov/data-release/doi-P9W8TNQM/data/Shorelines_GPS_2013_2020.zip Fees: None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the dataset. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20211129 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey St Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Contact_Person: Joseph F. Terrano Contact_Position: Researcher III Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing Address: 600 4th Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727-502-8047 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727-502-8182 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jterrano@contractor.usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time